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Notes
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Ethiopian ‘Democracy’ and State Terrorism,” in Crisis and Terror in the Horn of Africa, ed.
Pat Lauderdale,A. Zegeye, and A. Oliverio, (Vermont: Darthmouth Publishing, 2000).
20. For detailed discussion of the colonization of Oromos, see Bonnie K. Holcomb and
Sisai Ibssa, op. cit.
21. See Virginia Luling, Government and Social Control Among Some Peoples of the Horn of
Africa (M.A. thesis, University of London, 1965);Asafa Jalata, Oromia and Ethiopia p. 3.
22. Although almost all Ethiopians oppose the Oromo struggle, they have accepted the
name Oromia as a geographical and political fact since 1991 as the result of the Oromo
national struggle.
23. For discussion on the significance of space and culture in Oromo society, see Odd Eirik
Arnesen, “The Becoming of Place: A Tulama-Oromo Region in Northern Shoa,” in
Being and Becoming Oromo: Historical and Anthropological Enquiries, ed. P.T.W. Baxter, Jan
Hultin, and Alessandro Triulzi (Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 1996), pp. 210–238.
24. See for example Aleqa G. Mariam, YeEthiopia Hizb Tarik (Addis Ababa, 1948 Ethiopian
Calendar);Taddesse Tamrat, Church and State in Ethiopia (Oxford: Clarendon, 1972).
25. See for example, Darrel Bates, The Abyssinian Difficulty:The Emperor Theodorus and the
Magdala Campaign, 1867–68 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979), p. 7.
26. See for example, Edward Ullendorff,The Ethiopians (London: Oxford University Press,
1960), p. 76.
27. Ibid., pp. 43–68.
28. See Mohammed Hassen, The Oromo of Ethiopia: A History 1570–1860 (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. 4–6; Interview with Blatta Deressa Amante,
Dec. 15, 1962, Bishoftu, Oromia; interviewed by Baissa Lemmu; Asmarom Legesse,
Oromo Democracy:An Indigenous African Political System (Lawrenceville, NJ:The Red Sea
Press, 2000).
29. For detailed discussion, see Asafa Jalata, “The Struggle for Knowledge: The Case of
Emergent Oromo Studies,” The African Studies Review, vol. 39, no. 2 (September 1996),
pp. 95–123.
30. See for example,Amilcar Cabral, Unity and Struggle (New York: Monthly Review Press,
1979), p. 140.
31. See for example,Aneesa Kassam,“The Oromo Theory of Social Development,” in Be-
tween the State and Civil Society in Africa: Perspective on Development, ed.T. Mkandawire
and E. E. Osagahae (Dakar: Codesria, in press); Gemetchu Megerssa, Knowledge, Identity
and Colonizing Structure:The Case of the Oromo in East and Northeast Africa (Ph. D. Dis-
sertation, University of London: School of Oriental and African Studies, 1993.)32.
Baissa Lemmu, “The Political Culture of Gada: Building Blocks of Oromo Power,”
paper presented at the Oromo Studies Association Conference,Toronto, July 31-August
1, 1993, p. 3.
33. B. K. Holcomb, op. cit., 1997, p. 4.
34. Benedict Anderson, op. cit., 1991, p. 4.
35. Lambert Bartels, Oromo Religion: Myths and Rites of the Western Oromo of Ethiopia—An
Attempt to Understand (Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1990), p. 16.
36. P. T. W. Baxter, “Ethnic Boundaries and Development: Speculations on the Oromo
Case,” in Inventions and Boundaries: Historical and Anthropological Approaches to the Study of
Ethnicity and Nationalism, ed. Preben Kaarsholm and Jan Hultin (Roskilde, Denmark:
Roskilde University, 1994), p. 248.
37. Since the Oromo kinship system is not yet adequately studied, the information we
have on this subject is fragmentary and incomplete. However, here it is important to
have some information about the system to better understand Oromo social institu-
tions that have been built on this system. See Asmarom Legesse, Gada:Three Approaches
to the Study of African Society (New York:The Free Press, 1973); K. E. Knutsson, Au-
thority and Change:A Study of the Kallu Institution among the Macha of Galla of Ethiopia