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Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Triggers Diarrhea 1213

Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Triggers
VetBooks.ir Triggers and Predisposing Conditions

Acromegaly Pneumonia
Chronic kidney disease Pyoderma
Congestive heart failure Pyometra
Epinephrine release Urinary tract infection
Glucagonoma Insulin absence/resistance/misadministration
Glucocorticoid treatment Pancreatitis
Hepatitis/cholangiohepatitis Progesterone (diestrus; progestogen treatment)
Hyperadrenocorticism
Infection
Abscess (subcutaneous, other)
Periodontal/oral

Diarrhea

Differential Diagnosis Characteristic Features
Dietary Differentials, Lists, and Mnemonics
Food intolerance/allergy Recent diet change, +/− new protein source
Abrupt diet change/dietary indiscretion History; no treatment vs. empirical therapy for comfort
Overeating History
Poor quality food History; abdominal distention, borborygmi, flatulence
Infectious
Parasitic: Fecal flotation(s): 1 may suffice if positive, but at least 3 (up to 5) recommended if
• Hookworms—Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp negative. Emperic deworming often used before proceeding to advanced diagnostic
• Whipworms—Trichuris vulpis testing.
• Roundworms—Toxocara spp, Strongyloides spp
• Trichinella spp
• Protozoa (Isospora spp—coccidiosis; Giardia spp; Cryptosporidium
parvum; Pentatrichomonas/Tritrichomonas foetus; Balantidium coli;
Entamoeba histolytica)
Bacterial: Consider possibility of primary underlying disorder with secondary bacterial enteritis.
• Campylobacter jejuni Fecal cytology: presence of Campylobacter or Clostridium spp does not equate with
• Clostridium spp (perfringens, difficile, upsaliensis) cause of diarrhea as many are nonpathogenic.
• Escherichia coli
• Salmonella spp
• Yersinia enterocolitica
• Shigella spp
• Bacillus piliformis
• Dysbiosis (antibiotic-responsive diarrhea)/Enterobacteriaceae
Viral: Species-specific viral infections: ELISA test readily available (FeLV, FIV, feline
• Coronaviruses panleukopenia, canine parvovirus)
• Canine distemper
• Canine parvovirus
• Feline leukemia virus (FeLV)
• Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
• Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)
• Feline panleukopenia
Continued

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