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Diarrhea, Neonatal Diarrhea: Small Intestinal versus Large Intestinal 1215

Diarrhea, Neonatal
VetBooks.ir Causes of Neonatal Diarrhea in Puppies and Kittens

Dietary Drug- and Toxin-Induced
Abrupt change in diet Antiinflammatory drugs
Overfeeding Antimicrobials
Indiscretion: garbage ingestion Anthelmintics
Ingestion of abrasive or indigestible material Heavy metals: lead, arsenic, thallium
Food intolerance Insecticides: organophosphates
Intolerance of lactose ingested as milk Plants
Endoparasitic Infectious
Helminths: ascarids, hookworms, whipworms, Strongyloides Viral: parvoviruses, coronaviruses, rotaviruses, canine distemper, FeLV, FIV, FIP
Others: cestodes, trematodes, Trichinella Bacterial: Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp, Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus
Protozoa: coccidia (Cystoisospora), Cryptosporidium, Giardia intestinalis piliformis, Escherichia coli, Clostridium spp
Others: Pentatrichomonas, Entamoeba, Balantidium, rickettsial Extraintestinal
organisms Uremia
Salmon poisoning disease Hepatic disease
Obstructive Hypoadrenocorticism
Intestinal foreign body Acute pancreatitis
Intussusception Diabetes mellitus
Mesenteric volvulus Idiopathic Chronic Diarrhea in Young Cats
FeLV, Feline leukemia virus; FIP, feline infectious peritonitis; FIV, feline immunodeficiency virus.
Modified from Bonagura J: Kirk’s Current veterinary therapy XIII, St. Louis, 2000, Saunders.
Differentials, Lists, and Mnemonics

Diarrhea: Small Intestinal versus Large Intestinal

Characteristic Small Intestine Large Intestine
Defecation
Frequency Normal to mildly increased (2-4 times/d) Greatly increased (4-10 times/d)
Dyschezia (inability to defecate without Absent Dogs: frequent. Cats: less common
straining or signs of pain)
Tenesmus (straining) Absent Dogs: common. Cats: less common (rule out stranguria/urethral obstruction)
Urgency Uncommon (unless severe acute enteritis) Frequent
Feces
Mucus Uncommon Common
Hematochezia (fresh blood in/on feces) Absent Common
Melena (digested blood in feces) Occasional Absent
Volume Often increased Normal to decreased (due to increased frequency)
Quality Loose to watery; ± undigested food/fat Loose to semisolid
Steatorrhea (undigested fat in feces) Possible (with maldigestion or malabsorption) Absent
Associated Signs
Weight loss Common Uncommon (more likely with diffuse neoplasia, histoplasmosis, pythiosis)
Vomiting Possible Uncommon (with acute colitis even before onset of abnormal stools)
Appetite May be normal, ↑ or ↓ depending on cause Normal or ↓ depending on cause
Halitosis Possible (maldigestion/malabsorption) Absent
Borborygmus Possible Absent
Flatulence Possible Possible
Fecal incontinence Rare Possible
“Scooting” or chewing of perianal area Absent Possible (with proctitis)
Reproduced from the third edition in modified form.

THIRD EDITION AUTHOR: Lisa Carioto, DVM, DVSc, DACVIM

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