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1228 Heartworm Disease: Complications Hematochezia

Heartworm Disease: Complications Hematochezia
VetBooks.ir Untreated Causes of Hematochezia

Eosinophilic granulomatosis
Eosinophilic pneumonitis Unclassified
Right-sided congestive heart failure* Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (formerly hemorrhagic gastroenteritis)
Hemoglobinuria, “pigment nephropathy”* Inflammatory
Hemolytic anemia* Inflammatory bowel disease
Pulmonary thromboembolism Histiocytic ulcerative colitis
During or Shortly After Treatment Period Idiopathic colitis
Acute (Surgical Removal) Perianal fistula
Anaphylaxis Mucocutaneous lupus erythematosus
Hypotension Infectious
Cardiac arrest Bacterial: Campylobacter, Clostridium, Mycobacterium, Salmonella
Subacute (Medical Treatment) Fungal/algal: Cryptococcus, Histoplasma, Pythium, Prototheca
Eosinophilic pneumonitis Parasitic: Ancylostoma, Uncinaria, Trichuris, coccidia, Tritrichomonas,
Pain at injection site (melarsomine) Leishmania, Heterobilharzia americana, Entamoeba histolytica
Pulmonary thromboembolism (possibly massive, especially if inadequate Viral: parvovirus
exercise restriction) Ischemic/Traumatic
Sudden death (especially if inadequate exercise restriction) Hypovolemic shock
Thrombosis/infarction
*Together, comprise the “caval syndrome” of heartworm disease. Intussusception
Cecal inversion
Volvulus
Foreign body
Hematemesis Pelvic fracture
Rectoanal stricture
Racing sled dogs
Drug-Induced
Coagulopathy (1o, 2o, or Mixed) Glucocorticoids
Disseminated intravascular coagulation Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
Thrombocytopenia/thrombocytopathy Cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs
Congenital coagulation factor deficiencies
Acquired coagulation factor disorders (e.g., anticoagulant exposure) Neoplastic
Upper Airway Bleeding Adenocarcinoma
Nasal neoplasia Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Aspergillosis Leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma
Inflammatory rhinitis Lymphoma
Esophageal Disorders Plasmacytoma
Esophagitis Colorectal polyp
Esophageal neoplasia Vascular
Esophageal foreign bodies Vascular ectasia/angiodysplasia
Gastric or Duodenal Ulcerations Arteriovenous fistula
Drugs (e.g., NSAIDs, glucocorticoids) Metabolic
Uremia Hypoadrenocorticism
Hepatic failure Uremic kidney disease
Hypoadrenocorticism Liver disease, particularly with portal hypertension or portosystemic shunt(s)
Gastrinoma Pancreatitis
Mastocytosis/mast cell tumor
Exercise induced (sled dogs) Bleeding Disorder
Spinal surgery/severe stress Thrombocytopenia
Sepsis, shock Thrombocytopathia
Gastric/Duodenal Foreign Bodies Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis Rodenticide intoxication
Heavy Metal Intoxication Specific factor deficiencies
Infectious Disorders
GI parasitism Modified from Tefft KM: Melena and hematochezia. In Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, Côté E, editors:
Viral gastroenteritis Textbook of veterinary internal medicine: diseases of the dog and cat, ed 8, St. Louis, 2017, Elsevier.
Bacterial gastroenteritis
Perioperative Hemorrhage
Infiltrative Disease
Neoplasia
Inflammatory bowel disease
Phycomycosis
Metabolic Disorders
Renal disease
Liver disease
Hypoadrenocorticism
Neoplastic GI Disease
Gastric neoplasia
Esophageal neoplasia

GI, Gastrointestinal; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
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