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Hepatomegaly Hepatotoxins 1231

Hepatomegaly
VetBooks.ir Category Differential Diagnosis (examples)

Benign causes Nodular hyperplasia, extramedullary hematopoiesis, individual variation
Breed related Bedlington terrier, Labrador retriever, Doberman pinscher, cocker spaniels
Congestion Right heart failure, cardiac tamponade, Budd-Chiari syndrome, liver lobe torsion, veno-occlusive disease
Drugs or toxins Glucocorticoids, phenobarbital, numerous other drugs and hepatotoxins
Endocrine Hyperadrenocorticism, diabetes mellitus
Immune mediated Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
Inflammatory Cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis complex (cat), chronic hepatitis (dog)
Infectious Bacterial: bartonellosis, leptospirosis, abscess, many others
Viral: feline infectious peritonitis, canine adenovirus-1
Protozoal: toxoplasmosis, cytauxzoonosis, babesiosis
Fungal: histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis
Parasitic: hepatic fluke, visceral larval migrans, Heterobilharzia americana
Neoplastic Hepatic: hepatocellular carcinoma, malignant histiocytosis, bile duct carcinoma
Metastatic: lymphoma, mast cell tumor
Metabolic Hepatic lipidosis, amyloidosis, lysosomal storage disorder
Miscellaneous “Hepatotracheal syndrome” (airway-associated liver disease), cystic disorders
Mistaken identity Splenomegaly, pancreatic mass, non-hepatic granuloma, thoracic structures pushing liver caudad (e.g., deep inspiration, emphysema, pleural Differentials, Lists, and Mnemonics
effusion), brachycephalic/chondrodystrophic confirmation

Hepatotoxins

Drugs Plants
(For additional details see Hepatotoxic Drugs in Dogs and Cats, section 3, web content.) • Amanita mushrooms and other genera
• Acetaminophen • Blue-green algae (Microcystis cyanobacteria)
• Amiodarone • Cycad palms (Sago palms)
• Aspirin • Castor bean seeds (used in jewelry)
• Azathioprine • Many others not commonly ingested by pets
• Azole antifungal drugs Other
• Benzodiazepines • Aflatoxins
• Carprofen • Carbon tetrachloride
• Diazepam (cats) • Dimethylnitrosamine
• Griseofulvin (cats) • Envenomation
• Halothane • Fungicides (some types)
• Intranasal Bordetella injections given IM/SQ • Heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Pb)
• Iron • Herbicides (some types)
• Itraconazole • Insecticides (some types)
• Ketoconazole • Metaldehyde
• Lomustine • Organic solvents (e.g., CCl 4)
• Methimazole • Phenol (clay pigeons, roofing material, Lysol products)
• Phenobarbital • Rodenticides (some types)
• Phenytoin • Xylitol
• Primidone • Zinc phosphide
• Tetracyclines • β-methylamino L-alanine
• Trimethoprim sulfa (dogs)

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