Page 438 - Small Animal Internal Medicine, 6th Edition

410 PART III Digestive System Disorders

BOX 26.19
VetBooks.ir Causes of Abdominal Pain

Poor Palpation Technique (“Pseudo-pain”)
Neoplasm
Musculoskeletal System (Mimics Abdominal Pain) Rupture
Fractures Infection (rare)
Intervertebral disk disease (common and important) Urogenital System
Diskospondylitis (important) Pyelonephritis (important)
Abscesses Lower urinary tract infection
Peritoneum Prostatitis (important in dogs)
Peritonitis Nonseptic cystitis (common and important in cats)
Septic (common and important) Cystic or ureteral obstruction or rupture (common,
Nonseptic (e.g., uroabdomen) (important) especially after trauma)
Adhesions (rare) Urethritis or obstruction (common)
Gastrointestinal Tract Metritis
Gastrointestinal ulcer Uterine torsion (rare)
Foreign object (especially linear) Neoplasm
Neoplasm Testicular torsion (rare)
Adhesions (rare) Mastitis (does not cause true abdominal pain but
Intestinal ischemia (rare) mimics abdominal pain)
Intestinal spasm (rare) Miscellaneous Causes
See also Box 26.18, under Organ Distention or Postoperative pain (especially if animal has a tight
Obstruction suture line)
Hepatobiliary Tract Iatrogenic causes
Hepatitis Drugs (e.g., misoprostol, bethanechol)
Cholelithiasis or cholecystitis Adrenalitis (associated with hypoadrenocorticism) (rare)
Pancreas Heavy metal intoxication (rare)
Pancreatitis (common and important) Vasculopathy (rare)
Spleen Rocky Mountain spotted fever vasculitis
Torsion (rare) Infarct

BOX 26.20

Causes of Abdominal Enlargement
Tissue Pyometra
Pregnancy (common and important) Free in abdomen (common and important)
Hepatomegaly (infiltrative or inflammatory disease, Transudate, modified transudate, exudate, blood,
lipidosis, neoplasia) chyle
Splenomegaly (infiltrative or inflammatory disease, Gas
neoplasia, hematoma) Contained in organ(s)
Renomegaly (neoplasia, infiltrative disease, Stomach (gastric dilation or volvulus) (common and
compensatory hypertrophy) important)
Miscellaneous neoplasia Intestines (resulting from obstruction)
Granuloma (e.g., pythiosis) In parenchymatous organs (e.g., liver) resulting from
Fluid infection with gas-producing bacteria
Contained in organ(s) Free in abdomen
Congestion resulting from torsion, volvulus, or right- Iatrogenic (after laparoscopy or laparotomy)
sided heart failure Alimentary tract or female reproductive tract rupture
Spleen Bacterial metabolism (peritonitis)
Liver Fat
Cysts Obesity
Paraprostatic cyst Lipoma
Perinephric cyst Weak Abdominal Muscles
Hepatic cyst Hyperadrenocorticism (important)
Hydronephrosis Feces
Intestines or stomach (resulting from obstruction or ileus)