Page 1514 - Veterinary Immunology, 10th Edition

recruitment and activation of neutrophils. Members of the IL-17
VetBooks.ir family play a key role in the development of acute inflammation,

in autoimmune diseases, and in cancer (Chapter 20).

Interleukin-18 An IL-1 family member produced by macrophages
and monocytes. IL-18 activates Th1 cells to promote the

production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, CD95L, and several
chemokines. This can lead to positive feedback where the IL-18
and IFN-γ reinforce each other's activities (Chapter 3).

Interleukin-19 A member of the IL-10 family produced by B cells

and activated monocytes. It is a proinflammatory cytokine that
acts on monocytes to stimulate production of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-
α.

Interleukin-20 A regulatory cytokine and a member of the IL-10
family. It is produced by monocytes and keratinocytes and acts as

a hematopoietic growth factor.

Interleukin-21 Produced by activated Th2 cells and is structurally
related to IL-2 and IL-15. It promotes differentiation of B cells into
plasma cells and memory B cells. It regulates NK, B, and T cell

function (Chapter 15).

Interleukin-22 A member of the IL-10 family produced by activated
Th17 cells, NK cells, and mast cells. It suppresses IL-4 production
by Th2 cells and induces acute-phase protein production in the
liver. It acts on B cells to promote lymphoid tissue development

(Chapter 20).

Interleukin-23 IL-23 consists of a p40 subunit paired with an IL-
12p19 subunit. It is produced by activated macrophages,
dendritic cells, and γ/δ T cells. It stimulates Th17 cells to produce

IL-17 and IL-22. These Th17 cells promote acute neutrophil-
mediated inflammation (Chapter 20).

Interleukin-24 A member of the IL-10 family produced by activated
monocytes and Th2 cells. It stimulates apoptosis in many tumor
cell lines and stimulates acute-phase responses in hepatocytes.

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