Page 851 - Adams and Stashak's Lameness in Horses, 7th Edition

Principles of Musculoskeletal Disease 817

condyles from experimental horses run on a treadmill, 18. Dean DD, Martel‐Pelletier J, Pelletier JP, et al. Evidence for metal­
45
change in the metacarpal condyles was milder. The sig­ loproteinase and metalloproteinase inhibitor imbalance in human
VetBooks.ir also been well reviewed by Riggs. 93 19. Deleuran BW, Chew CQ, Field M, et al. Localization of tumor
osteoarthritic cartilage. J Clin Invest 1989;84:678–685.
nificance of osteochondral injury in joint disease has
necrosis factor receptors in the synovial tissue and cartilage‐pan­
In addition to its role in contributing to OA, the
nus junction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis
presence of subchondral bone injury contributing to Rheum 1992;35:1160–1169.
complete failure of the subchondral bone and fractures 20. Dimock AN, Siciliano PD, McIlwraith CW. Evidence supporting
an increased presence of reactive oxygen species in the diseased
58
is important. “Impact fracture” is a term that has equine joint. Equine Vet J 2000;32:439–443.
been used recently to describe a pathologic fracture 21. Dodge GR, Poole AR. Immunohistochemical detection and immu­
that shows up as an area of lucency in the bone. nochemical analysis of type II collagen degradation in human nor­
15
Pathologic change in the distal condyles of the third mal, rheumatoid, and osteoarthritic articular cartilage and in
metacarpal and third metatarsal bones of the horse as explants of bovine articular cartilage cultured with interleukin 1.
J Clin Invest 1989;83:647–661.
a predisposing factor for condylar fractures was first 22. Drum MG, Kawcak CE, Norrdin RW, et al. Comparison of gross
investigated in detail by Riggs et al. 89,91,92 Recognition and histopathologic findings with quantitative computed tomo­
of this change potentially leading to fractures has led graphic bone density in the distal third metacarpal bone of race­
horses. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2007;48:518–527.
to investigations of imaging techniques to diagnose this 23. Dudhia J, Platt D. Complete primary sequence of equine cartilage
at an early stage. 22 link protein deduced from complementary DNA. Am J Vet Res
1995;56:959–965.
24. Evans CH, Mears DC, Stanitski CL. Ferrographic analysis of wear
in human joints: evaluation by comparison with arthroscopic
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