Page 2156 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

injury (numbness, tingling, dizziness,
visual disturbances, weakness in the
legs)
6. Azathioprine: Immunosuppressive and
antiinflammatory actions; toxic effects include
hepatitis and blood dyscrasias.
7. Cyclosporine: Immunosuppressive actions; can cause
nephrotoxicity
8. Etanercept
a. Injection site reactions are common.
b. Poses a risk for heart failure; has been
associated with CNS demyelinating
disorders and hematological disorders
9. Hydroxychloroquine: Associated with retinal damage;
inform the client to contact the PHCP if visual
disturbances occur.
10. Leflunomide: Side and adverse effects include
diarrhea, respiratory infection, reversible alopecia,
rash, and nausea; medication is hepatotoxic.
11. Methotrexate: Can cause hepatic fibrosis, bone marrow
suppression, gastrointestinal ulceration, and
pneumonitis
12. Penicillamine: Can cause bone marrow suppression
and autoimmune disorders
13. Infliximab: Can cause infusion reactions (fever, chills,
pruritus, urticaria, chest pain); medication is
hepatotoxic.
14. Rituxan: Can cause increased thirst or urination,
swelling of the hands or feet, or tingling of the hands
or feet; the PHCP should be notified if any of these
occur.
15. Sulfasalazine: Can cause gastrointestinal and
dermatological reactions, bone marrow suppression,
and hepatitis

C. NSAIDs may be prescribed for their antiinflammatory and

analgesic effects (see Chapter 59 for information on NSAIDs).
D. Glucocorticoids may be prescribed for their antiinflammatory
effects (see Chapter 47 for information on glucocorticoids).
IV. Medications to Prevent and Treat Osteoporosis
A. Description
1. Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass
and increased bone fragility.
2. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation can reduce
the risk of osteoporosis; calcium maximizes bone
growth early in life and maintains bone integrity later
in life, and vitamin D ensures calcium absorption (see
Chapter 47 for information on calcium and vitamin D

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