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Health Problem: Adult Health: Respiratory: Viral, Bacterial, Fungal Infections
Priority Concepts: Infection; Immunity
Reference: Lilley et al. (2017), pp. 686-687, 690.

779. Answer: 2, 3, 4

Rationale: Aminoglycosides are administered to inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Adverse effects of this medication include confusion, ototoxicity, renal toxicity,
gastrointestinal irritation, palpitations or dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and
hypersensitivity reactions. Therefore, the remaining options are incorrect.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, adverse effects of aminoglycosides. It
is necessary to know the adverse effects associated with this medication to answer
correctly. Remember that ototoxicity, renal toxicity, and dysrhythmias are adverse
effects.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Analyzing
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process—Assessment
Content Area: Pharmacology: Immune Medications: Aminoglycosides
Health Problem: Adult Health: Immune: Infections
Priority Concepts: Clinical Judgment; Immunity
Reference: Lilley et al. (2017), pp. 624-626.

780. Answer: 2, 3, 5

Rationale: Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication. There is no reason for the
client to restrict fluid intake; in fact, this could be harmful to the client. The
medication is hepatotoxic, and the nurse monitors liver function. It is administered
with food (not on an empty stomach), and antacids are avoided for 2 hours after
taking the medication to ensure absorption. The client is also instructed to avoid
alcohol. In addition, the client is instructed to avoid exposure to the sun, because the
medication increases photosensitivity.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, administration procedures, and recall
that ketoconazole is an antifungal medication. Next, use general medication
guidelines to select the correct interventions. Also, remember that this medication is
administered with food and that it is hepatotoxic.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Analyzing
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process—Implementation
Content Area: Pharmacology: Immune Medications: Antifungals
Health Problem: Adult Health: Immune: Infections
Priority Concepts: Clinical Judgment; Immunity
Reference: Burchum, Rosenthal (2016), pp. 1097-1098.

781. Answer: 3, 4, 5

Rationale: Adverse effects of sulfonamides include nephrotoxicity, bone marrow
suppression, GI effects, hepatotoxicity, dermatological effects, and some

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