Page 352 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

Milk is a poor source of iron, and children who consume more than 24 ounces
of milk per day are at risk for developing milk anemia. Whole milk should be
consumed until 2 years of age to ensure adequate fatty acid intake.
Limit foods that pose choking hazards, such as hot dogs, candy, nuts, grapes,
popcorn, and raw vegetables.

School-Age

Children in this age group have better appetites with a more varied intake.
Assess for adequate intake of protein and vitamins A and C.
This age group is at risk for high intake of fats, sugar, and salt related to snack
foods.
Promote healthy choices and encourage physical activity.

Adolescent

Energy needs increase to meet the increased metabolic needs of growth.
This age group has increased requirements of daily protein, calcium for bone
growth, and iron to replace menstrual losses for girls and promote muscle
development for boys.
Increased intake of iodine and B-complex vitamins are necessary to support
thyroid development and metabolism.
Fast-food consumption is common and puts the adolescent at risk for
malnutrition and obesity.
The onset of eating disorders commonly occurs during adolescence.

Young and Middle Adults

Energy needs decrease as the growth period ends. Lack of physical activity and
access to certain foods increases the risk of obesity.

Pregnancy

During pregnancy, protein requirements increase to 60 g per day.
Calcium needs increase to promote fetal bone mineralization.
Iron supplements support increased blood volume.
Folic acid intake is required for DNA synthesis and red blood cell production.

Breastfeeding

For the breastfeeding mother, encourage intake of protein, calcium, and
vitamins A, B, and C. Promote adequate fluid intake.
Breastfeeding mothers should consume an additional 500 kilocalories per day to
support adequate production of breastmilk. Avoid alcohol, caffeine, and
drugs, as these are absorbed into breast milk.

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