Page 539 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

The adolescent can now acknowledge a conflict between 2 socially accepted
standards and try to decide between them.
Control of conduct is now internal in standards observed and in reasoning
about right and wrong.

Box 17-3

Components of Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual
Development Theory

▪ Levels of awareness
▪ Agencies of the mind (id, ego, superego)
▪ Concept of anxiety and defense mechanisms
▪ Psychosexual stages of development

Box 17-4
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

Oral Stage (Birth to 1 Year)

During this stage, the infant is concerned with self-gratification.
The infant is all id, operating on the Pleasure Principle and striving for
immediate gratification of needs.
When the infant experiences gratification of basic needs, a sense of trust and
security begins.
The ego begins to emerge as the infant begins to see self as separate from the
caregiver; this marks the beginning of the development of a sense of self.

Anal Stage (1 to 3 Years)

Toilet training occurs during this period, and the child gains pleasure from
learning to control his or her bodily needs. It provides a sense of
accomplishment and independence.
The conflict of this stage is between those demands from society and the
parents and the sensations of pleasure associated with the anus.
The child begins to gain a sense of control over instinctive drives and learns to
delay immediate gratification to gain a future goal.

Phallic Stage (3 to 6 Years)

The child experiences pleasurable and conflicting feelings associated with the
genital organs.

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