Page 544 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

Reference: Hockenberry, Wilson, Rodgers (2017), p. 44.

153. Answer: 1

Rationale: In the formal operations stage, the child has the ability to think
abstractly and logically. Option 2 identifies the sensorimotor stage. Option 3
identifies the concrete operational stage. Option 4 identifies the preoperational stage.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, the formal operational stage of
Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory, and note the relationship between the
subject and the description in the correct option. Remember that in the formal
operations stage, the child has the ability to think abstractly and logically.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Teaching and Learning
Content Area: Developmental Stages: Preschool and School Age
Health Problem: N/A
Priority Concepts: Client Education; Development
Reference: Hockenberry, Wilson, Rodgers (2017), pp. 45-46.

154. Answer: 3

Rationale: According to Erikson, during school-age years (6 to 12 years of age),
the child begins to move toward peers and friends and away from the parents for
support. The child also begins to develop special interests that reflect his or her own
developing personality instead of the parents’. Therefore, options 1, 2, and 4 are
incorrect responses.
Test-Taking Strategy: Use knowledge of Erikson’s psychosocial development
theory related to middle childhood. Options 1 and 2 can be eliminated first because
they are comparable or alike and indicate that the mother should be concerned
about the child. Eliminate option 4 next because although praising the child for
accomplishments is important at this age, the behavior that the child is exhibiting is
normal.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process—Implementation
Content Area: Developmental Stages: Preschool and School Age
Health Problem: N/A
Priority Concepts: Development; Health Promotion
Reference: Hockenberry, Wilson, Rodgers (2017), pp. 430-431.

155. Answer: 2, 3, 4, 6

Rationale: Kohlberg’s theory states that individuals move through stages of
development in a sequential fashion but that not everyone reaches stages 5 and 6 in
his or her development of personal morality. The theory provides a framework for
understanding how individuals determine a moral code to guide their behavior. It
states that moral development progresses in relationship to cognitive development

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