Page 60 - Class Portfolio2019

UNIT I
PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

3 Components of Short-Term Memory

1. The Executive Controls System

- Oversees all working memory activity, including selection of information, method of
processing, meaning, and finally deciding whether to transfer it to long term memory
or forget it.

2. The Auditory Loop

- Where auditory information is processed, and the visual-spatial check pad, where
visual information is processed. Sensory memories transferred into working memory will last for
15-20 seconds, with a capacity for 5-9 pieces or chunks of information
. Elaboration

- refers to the organization of information (such as chunking or chronology).

Long-term Memory

• This is the part where all the information is permanently stored. It can be retrieved later,
as and when the need arises.

• Encoding of information happens in short-term memory by connecting it to the existing
knowledge.

Long term memory includes various types of information:

Declarative knowledge - knowledge that can be declared, through words and symbol
systems of all kinds verbal information facts; “knowing that’ something is the case.

Declarative divided into two:

Semantic Memory- is a more structured record of facts, meanings, concepts and
knowledge about the external world that we have acquired.

Episodic memory- represents our memory of experiences and specific events in time in
a serial form, from which we can reconstruct the actual events that took place at any given
point in our lives.

• Procedural Knowledge (how to do something) - knowledge that is demonstrated when we
perform a task; “knowing how”

• Imagery/ Conditional knowledge (mental images) - “knowing when and why” to use
declarative and procedural knowledge.

• Procedural Knowledge (how to do something) - knowledge that is demonstrated when we
perform a task; “knowing how”.

• Imagery/ Conditional knowledge (mental images) - “knowing when and why” to use
declarative and procedural knowledge.

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