Page 105 - Quantitative Data Analysis
        P. 105
     Quantitative Data Analysis
                                              Simply Explained Using SPSS
                                             Variable A: Parents
                                             Education
                                              Without        With
                                             Education     Education
                       Variable B:   Fail    35           75
                       Student
                       Result        Pass    10           80
                                     Total   45           155
                       Steps to conduct Chi-Square Test Manually
               Step 1: Formulate null hypothesis
                         : There is no association between parents’ education and
                       student academic result.
               Step 2: Develop a contingency table and add numbers across
               columns and rows.  Calculate total number in chart.
                                         Variable A: Parents         total
                                         Education
                                          Without         With
                                          Education    Education
                   Variable B:    Fail    35          75             110
                   Student
                   Result         Pass   10           80             90
                                  total   45          155            200
               The Theory and Applications of Statistical Inferences           89





