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224 Abdulrahman Albar, Ahmad Elshennawy, Mohammed Basingab et al.

linear regression or multiple regression could be used to model the demand side of the
problem in such a way to make the index more robust and accurate. A separate research
effort could focus on developing a set of action protocols for EDs, to specify a course of
action to both prevent and react to overcrowding when it occurs, as identified by the
index. Finally, a more rigorous validation study could simulate the index by integrating it
with a discrete event simulation model to study its performance over a longer period of
time. With such a simulation, the impact of the determinants on the overcrowding score
could be more accurately observed. Patterns of simulated data used to more closely
observe the impact of each factor on overcrowding could also be used to draw
conclusions for the development of future ED policy.

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