Page 85 - Zoology

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cÖkœ t gv¯‹zjvi wWmUªwd ej‡Z Kx †evS? e¨vL¨v Ki|
gv¯‹zjvi wWmUªwd t gv¯‹zjvi wWmUªwd †m· wj¼W wRb evwnZ GKwU gvivZ¥K †ivM| gvby‡li X ‡µv‡gv‡mv‡g Aew¯’Z GKwU ÎæwUc~Y© cÖ”Qbœ
wR‡bi Kvi‡Y cyyiæl wkï‡Z gv¯‹zjvi wWmUªwd †ivMwU n‡q _v‡K| gv¯‹zjvi wWmUªwd AvµvšÍ †ivMxi †cwk Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í ÿq n‡q 10-12 eQ‡ii g‡a¨
cy‡ivcywi weKjv½ n‡q c‡o Ges 20 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ g„Zy¨eiY K‡i| X ‡µv‡gv‡mv‡g G wRbwU †nwgRvBMvm Ae¯’vq cyiæ‡l gv¯‹zjvi wWmUªwd †iv‡Mi cÖKvk
NUvq Ges †nv‡gvRvBMvm Ae¯’vq gwnjv‡`i †ÿ‡Î GB †ivMwU cÖKvk cvq|
GKRb ¯^vfvweK cyiæ‡li mv‡_ GKRb evnK gv¯‹zjvi wWmUªwdi gwnjvi we‡q t
m
awi, X = gv¯‹zjvi wWmUªwdi A¨vwjj
M
X = ¯^vfvweK A¨vwjj
Y = Y ‡µv‡gv‡mv‡g †Kvb wRb _v‡K bv|
myZivs m¤¢ve¨ wR‡bvUvBc n‡e-
M
X X M = my¯’ gwnjv
M
X X m = evnK gwnjv
m
m
X X = gv¯‹zjvi wWmUªwdK gwnjv
M
X Y = my¯’ cyiæl
m

X Y = gv¯‹zjvi wWmUªwdK cyiæl

A_©vr ¯^vfvweK cyiæ‡li mv‡_ gv¯‹zjvi wWmUªwdK evnK gwnjvi we‡q n‡j ¯^vfvweK I evnK Kb¨vi msL¨v 50-50 nIqvi m¤¢vebv| GKBfv‡e cyÎ
mšÍvb‡`i †ÿ‡Î ¯^vfvweK I gv¯‹zjvi wWmUªwdK nIqvi m¤¢vebv mgvb _v‡K|
cÖkœ t eøvW MÖæc I Rh d¨v±i ej‡Z Kx †evS? RwUjZv ¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki|
Blood group t i³ KwbKvq KZK¸†jv A¨vw›U‡Rb Gi Dcw¯’wZ I Abycw¯’wZi Dci wbf©i K‡i weÁvbx Kvj© j¨vÛ‡óBbvi (Karl
Landsteiner) 1901 mv‡j gvby‡li i‡³i †h †kªYxweb¨vm K‡ib Zv ABO i³ MÖyc ev ms‡¶‡c i³ MÖyc bv‡g cwiwPZ| A‡bK mgq G‡K
j¨vÛ‡÷Bbv‡ii i³MÖycI e‡j|
i‡³i †jvwnZ KwbKvi wSwjø‡Z `yÕiKg A¨vw›U‡Rb Ges i³i‡m `yÕiKg A¨vw›UewW _v‡K| G fv‡e A¨vw›U‡Rb I A¨vw›UewWi Dcw¯’wZi
wfwˇZ mgMÖ gvbe RvwZi i³‡K PviwU †kªbxi ev MÖy‡c fvM Kiv hvq| h_vt- A, B, AB, O|
ABO i‡³i MÖ‡ci ˆewkó¨ wb‡P Q‡Ki gva¨‡g Zz‡j aiv n‡jv Ñ

i³ MÖy‡ci bvg A¨vw›U‡Rb A¨vw›UewW hv‡`i‡K i³ `vb Ki‡Z cv‡i hv‡`i i³ MÖnb Ki‡Z cv‡i
MÖæc - A A b A I AB A I O
MÖyc - B B a B I AB B I O
MÖyc - AB A I B A I b ‡KvbwUB ‡bB AB A, B, AB, O
MÖyc - O ‡Kvb A¨vw›U‡Rb †bB A I b Df‡qB Av‡Q| A, B, AB, O O

Dc‡ii ZvwjKv ‡_‡K †evSv hv‡”Q †h O MÖæcfz³ `vZv Ab¨ mKj MÖæc‡K i³ cÖ`v‡b mÿg| ZvB O MÖæc‡K me©Rbxb `vZv ejv nq| Ab¨w`‡K, AB
MÖæcfz³ MÖnxZv †h †Kv‡bv MÖæ‡ci `vZvi i³ MÖn‡Y mÿg| ZvB AB MÖæc‡K me©Rbxb MÖnxZv e‡j|
Rh d¨v±i (Rh Factor) t weÁvbx Landsteiner I A. S. Wiener (1940) †imvm evb‡ii i‡³i †jvwnZ KwYKvq GK we‡kl
ai‡bi A¨vw›U‡Rb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| †imvm evb‡ii bvgvbymv‡i A¨vw›U‡Rb‡K †imvm d¨v±i ev ms‡¶‡c Rh Factor e‡j| AwaKvsk gvby‡li i‡³I
GB A¨vw›U‡Rb cvIqv hvq| ‡h e¨w³i †jvwnZ KwYKvq †imvm A¨vw›U‡Rb cvIqv hvq Zv‡K Rh+ (Rh Positive) Ges †imvm A¨vw›U‡Rb Abycw¯’Z
_vK‡j Zv‡K Rh- (Rh Negative) e‡j| weÁvbx Fisher gZ cÖKvk K‡ib †h, Rh Factor ‡gvU 6wU mvaviY A¨vw›U‡R‡bi mgwówe‡kl|

Rh d¨v±i (Rh Factor) Gi ¸iyZ¡ t
mÂvibRwbZ ¸iyZ¡ t Rh- i³ wewkó e¨w³i i‡³ Rh+ wewkó i³ w`‡j cÖ_gevi cÖnxZvi †`‡n †Kv‡bv cÖwZwµqv †`Lv †`q bv,
wKš‘ MÖnxZvi i³i‡m µgk Rh+ A¨vw›U‡R‡bi wecixZ A¨vw›UewW Drcbœ n‡e| GB A¨vw›UewW‡K A¨vw›U Rh d¨v±i e‡j| MÖnxZv hw` wØZxqevi

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