Page 86 - Zoology

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`vZvi Rh+ i³ MÖnb K‡i Zv n‡j MÖnxZvi i³i‡mi A¨vw›U Rh d¨v±‡ii cÖfv‡e `vZvi †jvwnZ i³KwYKv RgvU †eu‡a wc‡Û cwiYZ n‡e| Z‡e
GKevi mÂvi‡Yi ci hw` MÖnxZv Avi H i³ MÖnY bv K‡i Zv n‡j ax‡i ax‡i Zvi i‡³ Drcbœ mg¯Í A¨vw›U Rh d¨v±i bó n‡q hvq Ges MÖnxZv ¯^vfvweK i³ wd‡i cvq|

Mf©ve¯’vq RwUjZv (Gwi‡_ªveøv‡÷vwmm wdUvwjm ) t mšÍvbm¤¢ev gwnjv‡`i †¶‡Î Rh d¨v±i Lye ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| GKRb Rh- gwnjvi m‡½ Rh+
cyiy‡li we‡q n‡j Zv‡`i cÖ_g mšÍvb n‡e Rh+, KviY Rh+ GKwU cÖKU ˆewkó¨| å~Y Ae¯’vq mšÍv‡bi Rh+ d¨v±ihy³ †jvwnZ KwYKv Agivi
gva¨‡g gv‡qi i‡³ G‡m †cuŠQv‡e, d‡j gv‡qi i³ Rh- nIqvq Zvi i³i‡m A¨vw›U Rh d¨v±i Drcbœ n‡e| A¨vw›U Rh d¨v±i gv‡qi i³ †_‡K
Agivi gva¨‡g 僇Yi i‡³ cÖ‡ek Ki‡j 僇Yi †jvwnZ KwYKv‡K aŸsm K‡i, å~YI webó nq Ges Mf©cvZ N‡U| G Ae¯’vq wkï RxweZ _vK‡jI Zvi
†`‡n cÖPÛ i³víZv Ges R‡b¥i ci RwÛm †ivM †`Lv †`q| G Ae¯’v‡K Gwi‡_ªveøv‡÷vwmm wdUvwjm e‡j|

‡h‡nZy Rh we‡ivax A¨vw›UewW gvZ„‡`‡n Lye ax‡i ax‡i Drcbœ nq ZvB cÖ_g mšÍv‡bi †Kvb ¶wZ nq bv Ges my¯’B Rb¥vq| wKš‘ cieZx© Mfv©avb †_‡K wecwË ïiy nq
Ges å~Y G †iv‡M fy‡M gviv hvq| ZvB we‡qi Av‡M ney ei-K‡bi i³ cix¶v K‡i †bqv DwPZ Ges GKB Rh d¨v±ify³ `¤úwZ nIqv DwPZ|

cÖkœ t weeZ©b ej‡Z wK †evS? weeZ©‡bi wewfbœ gZev` Av‡jvPbv Ki|
weeZ©b t ‡Kv‡bv Rx‡ei mij Ae¯’v n‡Z RwUjZvi w`‡K ch©vqµwgK AwZ axi I avivevwnK cwieZ©b‡K weeZ©b e‡j| weeZ©b m¤ú‡K©
j¨vgvK©, WviDBb, fvBRg¨vb, û‡Mv `¨-wåm Gi gZev` D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
j¨vgv‡K©i gZev` t j¨vgvK© GKRb divmx `vk©wbK I cÖK…wZweÁvbx wQ‡jb| GKwU mymsMwVZ ˆRe weeZ©bev‡`i cÖ_g cÖe³v wn‡m‡e wZwb
mycwiwPZ| Zvi gZev`wU, AwR©Z ˆewk‡ó¨i DËivwaKvi gZev` ev j¨vgvwK©Rg bv‡g cwiwPZ-
1. cÖ_g m~Î- e„w× t cÖ‡Z¨K Rxe Zvi RxebKv‡j AšÍ:Rxebx kw³i cÖfv‡e †`‡ni AvKvi Ges A½-cÖZ‡½i e„w× NUv‡Z cv‡i|
2. wØZxq m~Î- Rx‡ei Dci cwi‡e‡ki cÖZ¨ÿ cÖfve t Rxeb aviY cÖwµqvq †h bZzb Pvwn`vi m„wó nq Ges Zv wgUv‡bvi Rb¨ Rxe ‡h ZvwM`
Abyfe K‡i Zvi d‡j †`‡n †Kvb A‡½i e„w× ev bZzb A‡½i ms‡hvRb N‡U|
3. Z…Zxq m~Î- e¨envi I Ae¨envi t wRiv‡di Avw` cyiæ‡li Mjv I mvg‡bi cv `ywU GLbKvi †Nvovi gZ Lv‡Uv wQj Ges Gi Nvm ev †QvU †QvU
MvQ †L‡Zv| ¯’jfv‡M PviY‡hvM¨ f‚wgi Afve n‡j wRiv‡di c~e©cyiæ‡liv Mv‡Qi cvZv †L‡Z ïiæ K‡i| Gfv‡e bx‡Pi cvZv †kl n‡q hvq Ges
Dc‡ii KwPcvZv LvIqvi Rb¨ MÖxev D‡Ëvjb K‡i| Mv‡Qi kx‡l©i KwP cvZv bvMv‡j cvIqvi Rb¨ µgvMZ MÖxev D‡Ëvjb I cÖmvi‡Yi d‡j Zv
e„w× cvq Ges eskci¯úivq Pj‡Z _vKvq MÖxev I AMÖc` j¤^v n‡q eZ©gvb AvK…wZ aviY K‡i|
4. PZy_© m~Î- AwR©Z ˆewk‡ó¨i DËivwaKvi t ‡Kv‡bv Rx‡ei RxebKv‡j †h mKj bZzb ‰ewkó¨ AwR©Z nq Zv †m Rx‡ei cieZ©x eskai‡`i g‡a¨
mÂvwiZ nq| GB AwR©Z ˆewk‡ó¨i Kvi‡Y cieZ©x `xN© mg‡qi e¨eav‡b ˆZwi nq bZzb cÖRvwZ| cÖRvwZ m„wóB weeZ©bev‡`i g~j K_v|
j¨vgv‡K©i gZev‡`i mgv‡jvPbv t
• µgvMZ e¨env‡i myMwVZ †cwki AwaKvix †Kvb e¨vqvgexi‡`i mšÍvb mycyó †cwki AwaKvix n‡eB Ggb †Kv‡bv eva¨evaKZv †bB|
• weÁvbx fvBRg¨vb Bu`y‡ii eû cyiæl a‡i †jR †K‡U †`wL‡q‡Qb †h, cieZx© eska‡i GB AwR©Z ‰ewkó¨wU mÂvwiZ nq bv|

• Payne eû cÖRb¥ a‡i Wª‡mvwdjv‡K AÜKvi RvqMvq †i‡LI †Kvb AÜ Wª‡mvwdjv cvbwb|

WviDBwbRg ev cÖvK…wZK wbe©vPb gZev` t Pvj©m ievU© WviDBb wQ‡jb GKRb weªwUk cÖK…wZweÁvbx| 1859 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ " Origin of Species

by Means of Natural Selection" bvgK MÖ‡š’ wZwb Awfe¨w³ ev weeZ©b m¤ú‡K© Zvi mywPwšÍZ gZev` cÖKvk K‡ib| G gZev`wU cÖvK…wZK
wbe©vPb gZev` ev WviDBwbRg bv‡g cwiwPZ| wb‡P WviDBwbRg eY©bv Kiv n‡jv-
1. eske„w×i D”P nvi t WviDBb RxeRM‡Z eske„w×i D”P nv‡ii cÖeYZv jÿ¨ K‡ib| cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq eske„w×i nvi me©‡ÿ‡ÎB AwaK|
†hgb GKwU Rvg MvQ eQ‡i K‡qK jÿ exR Drcbœ K‡i|
2. Lv`¨ I evm¯’v‡bi mxgve×Zv t cÖvK…wZK Lv`¨e¯‘i Drcv`b nvi f‚c„‡ôi AvqZb mxwgZ| G Ae¯’vq Rx‡ei R¨vwgwZK nv‡i eske„w×i d‡j
G‡`i †fZi ch©vß Avnvi I †hvM¨ evm¯’v‡bi cÖwZ‡hvwMZv ïiæ n‡e Ges Giv cÖvK…wZK evavi m¤§yLxb n‡e|
3. Rxeb msMÖvg t AwaK Rb¥ nv‡ii Kvi‡Y Ges mxwgZ evm¯’vb I Lv‡`¨i Rb¨ ci¯úi ci¯ú‡ii m‡½ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv ev msMÖv‡g wjß nq|
cÖK…wZ‡Z wZb ai‡bi msMÖvg cwijwÿZ nq- AšÍ:cÖRvwZK msMÖvg, AvšÍ:cÖRvwZK msMÖvg, cwi‡e‡ki ms‡M msMÖvg|
4. cÖKiY ev Variation m„wó t WviDBb g‡b Ki‡Zb †h, AweiZ msMÖv‡gi d‡j Rxe‡`‡n m„wó nq cÖKiY| GB cÖKiY cieZ©x eskai‡`i ‡`‡n mÂvwiZ
n‡q cwi‡k‡l Rx‡ei ˆewkó¨iæ‡c cÖwZwôZ nq| Zvi aviYv Abyhvqx, ÿz`ª ÿz`ª avivevwnK cwieZ©b wfbœ wfbœ cÖRvwZi D™¢‡ei Rb¨ `vqx|
5. ‡hvM¨Z‡gi Rq t Rxeb msMÖv‡g ‡h †hvM¨ Ges AbyK‚j cÖKiY MÖnY Ki‡Z mg_© n‡q‡Q ïay †mB cÖwZØ›Øx cÖv_©xB Rxeb msMÖv‡g wU‡K _vK‡e-
GwUB †hvM¨Z‡gi Rq| Ab¨w`‡K, Rxeb msMÖv‡g †h A‡hvM¨ †m wbwðý ev aŸsm n‡q hv‡e|
6. cÖvK…wZK wbe©vPb I bZzb cÖRvwZi DrcwË t ‡h mKj Rx‡ei g‡a¨ AbyK‚j cÖKiY Av‡Q cÖK…wZ Zv‡`i wbe©vPb I jvjb K‡i| GmKj Rxe
cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ wb‡R‡`i gvwb‡q wb‡Z cv‡i Ges A‡hvM¨‡`i Zzjbvq †ewk nv‡i eskwe¯Ívi Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e hyM-hyMvšÍi a‡i cÖK…wZ
KZ©„K wbe©vwPZ n‡q cÖvYx I Dw™¢‡`i bZzb bZzb cÖRvwZi m„wó nq|

WviDBb gZev‡`i `~e©jZv t
• cÖKi‡Yi Dci gvÎvwZwi³ ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jI GwU wKfv‡e msMwVZ nq †m m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv e³e¨ ivLv nqwb|
• wbw®Œq A½mg~‡ni Dcw¯’wZ cÖvK…wZK wbe©vPb Z‡Ë¡i cwicš’x|
• cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi d‡j A‡bK myweavRbK cÖKiYhy³ RxeI aŸsm cÖvß nq Avevi NUbvP‡µ `ye©j RxeI iÿv cvq|

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