Page 87 - Zoology

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be¨ WviDBbev` (New Darwinism) t WviDBb hLb Zvi weeZ©b gZev` cÖKvk K‡ib ZLb wRbZË¡ m¤ú‡K© weÁvbx‡`i †Kv‡bviæc aviYvB wQj
bv| cÖKiY wKfv‡e nq WviDBb GwU ej‡Z cv‡ibwb| wKš‘ wRbZË¡ Gi e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Q| d‡j WviDB‡bi gZev` bZzb iæ‡c cÖwZôv jvf K‡i‡Q|
GwUB be¨ WviDBbev`| G gZev‡`i cÖe³v n‡jb fvBRg¨vb (August Weismann, 1834)| wZwb e‡jb †h, Rxe †`‡ni †cÖv‡UvcøvRg `yB
ai‡bi, h_v- †mvgv‡UvcøvRg I Rvg©cøvRg| †mvgv‡UvcøvRg †`n †Kv‡l Ges Rvg©cøvRg Rbb †Kv‡l Ae¯’vb K‡i| Rvg©cøvRg †hŠb Rb‡bi gva¨‡g
Rxe‡`‡ni ˆewkó¨ cieZx© eska‡i ¯’vbvšÍwiZ K‡i wKš‘ †mvgv‡UvcøvRg Giæc Ki‡Z Aÿg| myZivs †mvgv‡UvcøvRgevnx †`n †Kv‡l cwieZ©b NU‡jI Zv
mšÍvbmšÍwZ‡Z mÂvwiZ nq bv|

cÖkœ t weeZ©‡bi ¯^c‡ÿ cÖgvYmg~n eYbv Ki|
weeZ©‡bi cÖgvbvw` t
1. Rxevk¥NwUZ I f‚ZvwË¡K cÖgvY t Rxevk¥ †_‡K weeZ©‡bi m¤ú~Y© Ges AKvU¨ cÖgvY cvIqv hvq †Nvovi D™¢ve‡b| Qq †KvwU eQi c~‡e© †Nvovi Avw` c~e©cyiæl
B‡qvwnàvm cÖvq 11 Bw DuPz wQj| Gi mvg‡bi cv‡q 4wU Ges wcQ‡bi cv‡q 3wU bLihy³ Av½yj wQj| cieZx© ¯Í‡i 40 Bw DuPz †gwiwPàv‡m wZbwU Av½y‡ji
g‡a¨ GKwU Kg©ÿg wQj| Gi c‡i AvMgb N‡U 50 Bw DuPz wcøIwnàvm RvZxq †Nvovi| Gi mvg‡bi I wcQ‡bi cv‡q GKwU gvÎ AvOzj †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq|
AvaywbK Kv‡ji 60 Bw DuPz †Nvov BKzqvm GB wcøIwnàv‡mi eskai|
ZvQvov Rxevk¥ A‡bK mgq `ywU wfbœ †kÖYxi Rx‡ei g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i Bw½Z enb K‡i| G ai‡bi Rxevk¥‡K ms‡hvMKvix Rxevk¥ e‡j| GgbB
GKwU Rxevk¥ Archaeopteryx | Archaeopteryx Gi wKQz ˆewkó¨ mixm„‡ci g‡Zv, †hgb- `vuZhy³ †Pvqvj, j¤^v †jR, Wvbv bLi hy&³ BZ¨vw`; Avevi
wKQz ˆewkó¨ cvwLi g‡Zv, †hgb- †`‡ni MVb cvwLi b¨vq, †jR I Wvbvq cvjK we`¨gvb, †VuvU PÂz‡Z iæcvšÍwiZ| Gme ˆewkó¨ n‡Z weeZ©bwe`MY aviYv
K‡ib †h, mixm„c n‡Z cvwLi D™¢e n‡q‡Q|
2. A½ms¯’vwbK cÖgvb t
Zzjbvg~jK A½ t gv‡Qi ürwcÛ `yB cÖ‡Kvôwewkó, DfP‡i Awj›` `yB fv‡M wef³ A_©vr cÖ‡Kvô wZbwU, mixm„‡c Awj›` `ywU, wbjq Am¤ú~Y©fv‡e wef³|
cvwL I ¯Íb¨cvqx cÖvYx‡Z Awj›` `ywU Ges wbjq `ywU| A_©vr G‡`i ürwcÛ Pvi cÖ‡Kvôwewkó| weeZ©‡bi av‡c av‡c Awj›` I wbjq wef³ nIqvq `~wlZ I
weï× i³ wg‡k †h‡Z cv‡i bv| wfbœ wfbœ Rx‡ei ürwc‡Ûi GB mvgÄm¨ weeZ©‡bi ¯^c‡ÿ GKwU eo cÖgvY|
mgms¯’ I mge„wË A½ t gvQ Qvov Ab¨vb¨ me †giæ`Ûx cÖvYxi AMÖc` †hgb- gvby‡li nvZ, †Nvovi cv, cvwLi Wvbv hZB wfbœ ‡nvK bv †Kb G‡`i Aw¯’,
†cwk, i³ mÂvjb, ¯œvqyweb¨vm BZ¨vw` ˆewkó¨ GKB| mgms¯’ A½mg~n wbwðZfv‡eB cÖvYx‡`i g‡a¨ Avmj ÁvwZZvwË¡ m¤ú‡K©i cÖgvY enb K‡i|
wbw®Œq A½ t cÖvwY‡`‡n Ggb wKQz A½ †`Lv hvq, hv Kvh©ÿg bq ev wbw®Œq| †hgb- gvby‡li A¨v‡cbwW·, cy”Qvw¯’ (Kw°·), †Pv‡Li wbK&‡UwUs c`©v, K‡Y©i
†cwk BZ¨vw`| A‡bK ¯Íb¨cvqx cÖvYx‡Z A¨v‡cbwW· myMwVZ I Kvh©Kix| gvbyl, evbi BZ¨vw` D”P †kÖYxi cÖvYx‡Z Lv`¨vfv‡mi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Gme A‡½i
Kvh©KvwiZv ‡jvc cvq Ges wbw®Œq wn‡m‡e †_‡K hvq|
3. åƒYZvwË¡K cÖgvY t mKj †giæ`Ûx cÖvYxi cÖv_wgK ch©vq¸wji g‡a¨ my¯úó mv`„k¨‡K wfwË K‡i Rvg©vb weÁvbx †n‡Kj 1866 mv‡j Zvi weL¨vZ cybive„wË
gZev` (Recapitulation theory) Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| G gZev` Biogenetic law bv‡gI cwiwPZ| G gZev` Abymv‡i e¨w³Rwb RvwZRwbi cybive„wË
K‡i, A_©vr †Kvb GKwU Rx‡ei 僇Yi cwiùzUbKv‡j Zvi c~e©cyiæ‡li µgweKv‡ki NUbvewj cybive„wË K‡i| gvQ, DfPi, mwim„c, cvwL I ¯Íb¨cvqxi
åƒY¸‡jv‡K cÖ_g Ae¯’vq ci¯úi n‡Z cÖvq c„_KB Kiv hvq bv Ges G‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki åƒY Ae¯’vq dzjKv wQ`ª, wØcÖ‡Kvôwewkó ürwcÛ I A‡bK A¨vIwU©K AvP©
_v‡K| wewfbœ 僇Yi µwgK cwiùzU‡b wgj _vKvq Abygvb Kiv nq Giv mevB GKB c~e©cyiæl †_‡K weeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g m„wó n‡q‡Q|
4. ‡kÖwYweb¨vmMZ cÖgvY t GKB ai‡bi ˆewkó¨c~Y© KZK¸‡jv cÖRvwZ GKwU M‡Y, KZK¸‡jv m¤úK©hy³ MY‡K GKwU e‡M©, KZK¸‡jv eM©‡K GKwU †kÖwY‡Z
Ges KZK¸‡jv †kÖwY‡K GKwU c‡e© web¨vm Kivi †h KvVv‡gv Zv weeZ©‡bi ¯^c‡ÿ h‡_ó hyw³ enb K‡i| A_©vr cÖRvwZ †_‡K hZB Dc‡ii w`‡K DVv hvq
mv`„‡k¨i cwigvY ZZB n«vm †c‡Z _v‡K| wecixZµ‡g †kÖwYweb¨v‡mi Dci †_‡K wb‡Pi w`‡Ki av‡c bvg‡j mv`„‡k¨i cwigvY evo‡Z _v‡K| GKB M‡Yi
wewfbœ cÖRvwZ‡Z mvgÄm¨ me©v‡cÿv †ewk|
5. kvixie„Ëxq I Rxeimvqb NwUZ cÖgvY t wb‡P ewY©Z cÖgvYvw` †_‡K Avgiv weeZ©‡bi †Rvov‡jv cÖgvY †c‡Z cvwi-
• Rx‡ei ivmvqwbK MVb t cÖ‡Z¨KwU Rxe Kve©b, nvB‡Wªv‡Rb, Aw·‡Rb I bvB‡Uªv‡Rb GB PviwU †gŠwjK Dcv`vb we`¨gvb| wewfbœ †gŠj wgwjZ n‡q
mRxe †cÖv‡UvcøvRg MVb K‡i| A¨vwgev †_‡K gvbyl ch©šÍ †cÖv‡UvcøvR‡gi ivmvqwbK mv`„k¨ GZ †ewk †h mn‡RB G¸‡jv‡K GK cyiælRvZ e‡j aiv
hvq|
• i‡³i m¤^ÜciZv t cixÿv K‡i †`Lv ‡M‡Q †h, wewfbœ †giæ`Ûx cÖRvwZi i‡³i †Kjv‡mi MVb wfbœ n‡jI GKB M‡Yi AšÍf©~³ me cÖRvwZi GKB
ai‡Yi i‡³i †Kjv‡mi MVb cÖ`k©b K‡i|
• ni‡gv‡bi mgZv t wewfbœ ¯Íb¨cvqwi †`‡n †h ni‡gvb cvIqv hvq Zv MVb I a‡g©i w`K w`‡q GKB iK‡gi, †hgb- _vBi‡qW MÖwš’i ni‡gvb|
• ‡miv‡gi MVb t gvby‡li †miv‡gi mv‡_ evbi A‡cÿv wk¤úvwÄi wmiv‡gi MV‡bi wgj †ewk Ges KzKz‡ii wmiv‡gi mv`„k¨ AZ¨šÍ Kg| GUvI weeZ©‡bi
Ab¨Zg cÖgvY|
• i³ Avwg‡li mv`„k¨ t wewfbœ cÖvYxi i³ Avwg‡li mv`„‡k¨i gvÎvI cÖvYxi g‡a¨ m¤ú‡K©i cÖgvY enb K‡i| m¤úK© hZ Nwbô i³ Avwg‡li mv`„k¨ ZZ
†ewk|
6. Rxe‡fŠ‡MvwjK cÖgvY t cÖvwY‡`i we¯Ív‡ii Dci wfwË K‡i Avj‡d«W iv‡mj Iqv‡jm 1870 mv‡j c„w_ex‡K 6wU Rxe †fŠ‡MvwjK A‡j wef³ K‡ib| GKwU
A‡ji Rx‡ei mv‡_ Ab¨wUi Lye KgB mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q| Rx‡ei Ggb ‡fŠ‡MvwjK we¯Ívi Awfe¨w³iB aviv wb‡`©k K‡i|
7. ‡KvlZvwË¡K cÖgvY t Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi †Kv‡li †gŠwjK MVb I wefvRb c×wZ cÖvq GKB iKg| AvYweK ch©v‡q mRxe †Kvl A½vYy¸‡j, †hgb- gvB‡UvKwÛªqv,
ivB‡ev‡Rvg, jvB‡mv‡Rvg, MjwR e¯‘, †µv‡gv‡Rvg cÖf…wZi MVb cÖvq m`„k| ZvB ejv hvq, Dw™¢` I cÖvYxiv GKB c~e©cyiæl †_‡K D™¢‚Z n‡q‡Q|
8. wRbZvwË¡K cÖgvY t wR‡bi cv_©K¨RwbZ Kvi‡Y GKwU cÖRvwZ Ab¨ GKwU cÖRvwZ n‡Z m¤ú~Y© wfbœ| K…wÎg Dcv‡q wR‡bi cwieZ©b NwU‡q gvby‡li c‡ÿ hw`
bZzb bZzb cÖRvwZ D™¢veb Kiv m¤¢e nq Zvn‡j gnvkw³kvjx cÖK…wZi c‡ÿ †KvwU ‡KvwU eQ‡ii cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g cÖRvwZ m„wó Kiv LyeB m¤¢e|

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