Page 76 - Botany

g¨vwjK A¨vwmW evÛjmx_ †K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷ cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges NADP Gi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z cvBiæwfK A¨vwm‡W cwiYZ nq| G wewµqvq CO2 I
+
NADPH+H Drcbœ nq| G wewµqvq m„ó CO2 ZLb evÛjkx_ †K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷ ivBey‡jvR 1,5-wemdm‡d‡Ui mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q
K¨vjwfb P‡µ AskMÖnb K‡i|
4. Ab¨w`‡K cvBiæwfK A¨vwmW †g‡mvwdj †K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷ ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq Ges ATP ‡_‡K ADP ‰Zwi c~e©K dm‡dvB‡bvj cvBiæwfK
A¨vwm‡W cwiYZ nq|

dm‡dvB‡bvj cvBiæwfK A¨vwmW cybivq CO2 MÖnb K‡i A·v‡jv A¨vwmwUK A¨vwmW ˆZwi K‡i Ges PµwU Pvjy iv‡L| Kv‡RB †`Lv
hvq, C4 Dw™¢‡` GKB mv‡_ n¨vP I ¯ø¨vK Pµ Ges K¨vjwfb Pµ cwiPvwjZ nq| C3 Dw™¢‡`i Zzjbvq C4 Dw™¢‡` mv‡jvKms‡kølY
nvi †ewk Ges Drcv`b ¶gZvI †ewk|

C3 Dw™¢` t Kve©b weRvi‡bi cÖ_g ¯’vqx ˆRe c`v_© wZb Kve©b wewkó 3-dm‡dvwMømvwiKA¨vwmW n‡j †mBme Dw™¢`‡K C3 Dw™¢` e‡j| Chlorella bvgK GK‡Kvlx
‰kev‡j G ai‡bi weRvib †`Lv hvq|
C4 Dw™¢` t Kve©b weRvi‡bi cÖ_g ¯’vqx ˆRe c`v_© 4 Kve©bhy³ A·v‡jv A¨vwmwUK A¨vwmW n‡j †mBme Dw™¢`‡K C4 Dw™¢` e‡j|
C4 Dw™¢‡`i ˆewkó¨ t
 C4 Dw™¢‡`i cvZvi evÛjkx_ ‡Kv‡l †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ _v‡K|
 evÛjkx‡_i †Kvl¸‡jv fv¯‹zjvi evÛ‡ji mv‡_ Aixqfv‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i|
 evÛjkx‡_i gv‡S †h †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ †`Lv hvq, Zv‡Z MÖvbv Abycw¯’Z wKš‘ †g‡mvwdj †Kv‡l DbœZ cÖK…wZi MÖvbv we`¨gvb| †hgb- B¶z Dw™¢‡`i cvZv|
 C4 Dw™¢‡`i †g‡mvwdj †Kv‡l ivBey‡jvR wemdm‡dU Kv‡e©vw·‡jR bvgK GbRvB‡gi Kvh©KvwiZv Abycw¯’Z|
C4 Dw™¢` P‡µi ¸iæZ¡ t
• C4 Dw™¢‡` D”P ZvcgvÎvq (30 C - 45 C) mv‡jvKms‡kølY msNwUZ n‡Z cv‡i|
0
0
• C4 Dw™¢‡`i CO2 MÖvnK dm‡dvB‡bvj cvBiæwfK A¨vwmW, C3 Dw™¢‡` CO2 MÖvnK ivBey‡jvR 1,5-wemdm‡dU A‡c¶v AwaK Kvh©Ki _v‡K|
• giæ Dw™¢‡` cÎiÜ« AvswkKfv‡e eÜ _vK‡jI C4 MwZc_ Pj‡Z cv‡i|
• CO2 Gi A‡c¶vK…Z Kg Nb‡Z¡ C4 MwZc_ Pj‡Z cv‡i|
• C4 Dw™¢‡` cÖ‡¯^`b I d‡Uv‡imwc‡ikb Kg nq e‡j CO2 Gi weRviY †ewk nq|
• C4 Dw™¢‡`i cvZvq Kranz A¨vbvUwgi Rb¨ Gi Lv`¨ Drcv`b ¶gZv †ewk I AwZ mnRfv‡e GwU cwievwnZ n‡Z cv‡i|

C3 I C4 Dw™¢†`i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv Ñ
C3 Dw™¢` C4 Dw™¢`
D”P ZvcgvÎvq LvcLvB‡q wb‡Z m¶g bq| D”P ZvcgvÎvq LvcLvB‡q wb‡Z m¶g |
cvZvi evwÛjkx_‡K wN‡i †g‡mvwdj †Kv‡li †Kvb c„_K ¯Íi _v‡K cvZvi evÛjkx_‡K wN‡i Aixqfv‡e mw¾Z †g‡mvwdj †Kv‡li Nb ¯Íi
bv| we`¨gvb|
MVbMZfv‡e †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ GKB iKg| MVbMZfv‡e †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ `yB iKgt MÖvbvhy³ †g‡mvwdj †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ Ges
MÖvbvwenxb evÛjkx_ †K¬v‡ivcøv÷|
mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ evqygÛ‡j CO2 Gi NbZ¡ Kgc‡¶ 50 mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ evqygÛ‡j CO2 Gi NbZ¡ Kgc‡¶ 0.10 ppm
ppm cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ‡qvRb|
g‡b Kiv nq †ewki fvM C3 Dw™¢` A‡c¶vK…Z kxZcÖavb A‡j g‡b Kiv nq †ewki fvM C4 Dw™¢` DògÛ‡j DrcwË jvf K‡i‡Q|
DrcwË jvf K‡i‡Q|
K¨vjwfb Pµ †g‡mvwdj †Kv‡l m¤úbœ nq| K¨vjwfb Pµ evwÛjkx_ †Kv‡l m¤úbœ nq|
mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwµqvq wjwgwUs d¨v±‡ii f~wgKv t
GKvwaK d¨v±i (†hgb- CO2 , Av‡jv, Zvc, Aw·‡Rb, cvwb BZ¨vw` ) mw¤§wjZfv‡e mv‡jvKms‡kølY nvi wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K| 1905 mv‡j eøvKg¨vb Law of
minimum Gi Dci wfwË K‡i Law of limiting factor m~Î cÖ¯Íve K‡ib| G m~Î Abyhvqx hLb †Kv‡bv kvixie„Ëxq cÖwµqAi `ªæZZv K‡qKwU c„_K d¨v±i
Øviv cÖfvweZ nq ZLb wbæZg MwZm¤úbœ d¨v±i ØvivB H cÖwµqvi MwZ mxgve× nq| wjwgwUs d¨v±‡ii bxwZ Abyhvqx mv‡jvKms‡kølY †h †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q ïaygvÎ
GKwU d¨v±i Øviv mxgve× nq| mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi nvi H wbw`©ó d¨v±‡ii mgvbycvwZK A_©vr d¨v±iwUi cwigvY evo‡j mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi nvi evo‡e, Kg‡j nvi
Kg‡e| †`Lv †M‡Q †h, GKwU d¨v±‡ii AcwUgvg gvÎv AwZµg Ki‡j cÖwµqvwUi Dci Zvi †bwZevPK cÖfve c‡o A_©vr cÖwµqvi nvi AvbycvwZK nv‡i Avi bv
‡e‡o nVvr K‡i mxgve× n‡q hvq| GgZve¯’vq Ab¨ GKwU d¨v±i cÖwµqvi nvi‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i|
ZvcgvÎv mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwµqv wbqš¿YKvix GKwU d¨v±i| 30 -35 C n‡jv AcwUgvg ZvcgvÎv| GB ZvcgvÎvq mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi nvi m‡e©v”P|
0
0
ZvcgvÎv 0 †_‡K 35 C ch©šÍ evov‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_ mgvbycvwZK nv‡i mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi nviI evo‡e, wKšÍy 35 C Gi Dc‡i ZvcgvÎv evo‡Z _vK‡j
0
0
0
mv‡jvKms‡køl‡bi nvi `ªyZ K‡g Avm‡Z _v‡K|
CO2 Gi cwigvY mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi nvi wbqš¿YKvix Aci GKwU d¨v±i| g‡b Kwi †Kv‡bv GKwU cvZv N›Uvq 10 wgwjMÖvg CO2 e¨envi Ki‡Z m¶g|
Kv‡RB H cvZv‡K 1 wgwjMÖvg †_‡K 10 wgwjMÖvg ch©šÍ N›Uvq CO2 mieivn evo‡j AvbycvwZK nv‡i mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi nvi evo‡e, wKšÍy N›Uvq 10 wgwjMÖv‡gi †ewk
CO2 H cvZv‡K mieivn Ki‡j nUvr K‡iB mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi nvi n«vm cv‡e, ZLb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv d¨v±i (nqZ Av‡jv) wjwgwUs d¨v±i wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e|

msÁv wjL - mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi nvi t wbw`©ó mg‡q mv‡jvKms‡kølY cÖwµqvq O2 Ges CO2 Gi cwigv‡Yi AbycvZ‡K mv‡jvKms‡kølY nvi e‡j| G‡K ms‡¶‡c PQ
(Photosynthetic Quotient) e‡j|

4| DÏxcK t Rxe‡Kvl GK we‡kl ˆRe ivmvqwbK cÖwµqvq Lv`¨w¯’Z w¯’wZkw³‡K MwZkw³‡Z iycvšÍwiZ K‡i| G kw³ e¨q K‡iB Rxe‡`‡ni mKj cÖKvi RxeR
wµqv m¤úbœ K‡i|
K) k¦mb Kx? L) k¦m‡bi cÖKvi‡f` wjL| M) k¦mb †Kv_vq N‡U? N) k¦m‡bi ¸iyZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
4| (K) k¦mb t †h ˆRe ivmvqwbK cÖwµqvq Rxe‡Kvl¯’ RwUj ˆRe †hŠM¸‡jv RvwiZ n‡q mij †hŠ‡M cwiYZ nq Ges w¯’wZkw³ iycvšÍwiZ n‡q MwZkw³‡Z cwiYZ
nq Zv‡K k¦mb e‡j|
C6H12O6+6O2 6CO2+12H2O + kw³

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