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pentane and isopentane which expand the material to form a cellular structures,
commonly known as Thermocole. It is widely used in many everyday applications
where its light weight (~98% air), strength, durability, thermal insulation and shock
absorption characteristics provide economic, high performance products. It is
normally supplied in sheet form however can also be moulded into shapes or in
large blocks.
Applications: building insulation materials, structural insulated panel building
systems, Packaging of food, meat, fish, fresh fruit, bakery products, eggs,
cushioning fragile items inside boxes, disposable trays, plates, bowls and cups & for
carry-out food packaging (hinged lid containers popularly known as “clam shells”)
18) High Impact Polystyrene Grades (HIPS) :
Are produced by adding rubber or butadiene copolymer to PS which increases the
toughness and impact strength of the polymer. However, adding butadiene
destroys the transparency, HIPS is therefore opaque.
Density 1.03 - 1.06 g/cm 3
Glass transition temperature 88 - 92 °C
Max / Min continuous Service temperature 60 - 80 °C / -40 to -20 °C
Melting Temperature 180 - 220 °C
High impact polystyrene can be processed by Injection moulding and Extrusion
techniques.
Properties: economical and impact-resistant plastic, easy to machine and
fabricate having good processablity, tougher than PS, Easy to assemble with
adhesives or solvent, to paint and print, FDA compliant, good dimensional stability,
Good gloss, Low volatility, excellent resistance to gamma radiation, low cost,
outstanding thermoforming characteristics
Limitations: Opaque, highly flammable and emits toxic smoke on burning, Poor
chemical resistance, Susceptible to UV degradation, Increased moisture absorption.
Applications: Refrigerator liners, appliances covers and computer housings,
Instrument panels and fittings, thermoformed disposable drinking cups, glasses,
ice cream cups, machined models and prototypes, low strength structural
components, electronic insulation, parts, components, Retail display signs.
19) Polyacrylonitrile (PAN):
Acrylonitrile (CH2=CHCN) is polymerized to polyacrylonitrile through suspension
methods, a synthetic, semi crystalline organic polymer resin. Polyacrylonitrile is
used for very few products an average consumer would be familiar with.
Mostly copolymers containing PAN are used as fibers. If the label of some piece of
clothing says “acrylic”, then it's made out of some copolymer of polyacrylonitrile,
usually copolymers of acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate.
Acrylic fibres are soft and flexible, producing lightweight, lofty yarns, and has
properties closely resembling to those of wool. Hence the most common use of
acrylics is in apparel and carpets as a wool replacement, for example, in knitwear
such as sweaters and socks. Acrylics can be sold at a fraction of the cost of the
natural fibre, and they offer better light resistance, mildew resistance, and
resistance to attack by moths.

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