Page 1243 - Basic _ Clinical Pharmacology ( PDFDrive )

Index 1229

Nicotinic stimulants, direct-acting, endogenous, discovery of, 339 Nonadherence, in elderly, 1065–1066
120–121 functions of, 92t Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC)
Nifedipine. See also Calcium channel inactivation of, 341 neurons, 99–100
blockers inhalation of, 342 Noncoding region polymorphism, 75t
angina pectoris treated with, 202–206, isoforms of, 339, 340t Noncompetitive antagonist, 23f, 24
210t pharmacologic manipulation of Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase
hypertension treated with, 187, 191t nitric oxide donors, 342 inhibitors (NNRTIs), 876–879
Nifurtimox, 933t, 934–935 nitric oxide synthesis inhibitors, delavirdine, 871t, 877
Nigrostriatal pathway, 516 341–342 efavirenz, 871t, 877–878
Nilotinib, 967 preparations available, 345t etravirine, 871t, 878
Nilutamide, 744, 972 signaling mechanisms of, 339–341, 340f fundamentals of, 874f, 876–877
Nimodipine, 202–206, 210t. See also metalloproteins in, 340, 340f nevirapine, 872t, 878
Calcium channel blockers thiols in, 340–341 in pregnancy, 879t
Nirvanol, 420 tyrosine nitration in, 341, 341t rilpivirine, 872t, 878–879
Nisoldipine synthesis of, 339–340, 340f Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC),
angina pectoris treated with, 203t Nitric oxide donors, 342 973–974
hypertension treated with, 187 Nitric oxide inhibitors, for septic shock, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Nitazoxanide, 933–934 343t, 343–344 (NSAIDs), 643–649, 645t
Nitrates and nitrites Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), CNS, 380 adverse effects of, 645
angina pectoris treated with, 197–202, Nitric oxide synthesis inhibitors, 341–342 aspirin (Salicylates), 645, 645t, 646f
202t, 209t Nitrites, 342. See also Nitrates and nitrites chemistry and pharmacokinetics of, 643,
chemistry of, 197 Nitrofurantoin, 895–896, 902t 644f, 645t
clinical use of, 201–202, 202t Nitrogen oxides, 341, 341t, 1007t, 1008 choice of, 649
heart failure treated with, 222 Nitroglycerin clinical uses of
inhalants, ionotropic receptors in, 585 angina pectoris treated with, 197–202, dermatologic, 1084
mechanism of action of, 195, 197f 202t, 209t dysmenorrhea, 335
mechanisms of clinical effect of, 201, heart failure treated with, 224 gout, 661
201t mechanism of action of, 197f inflammation, 643
nitrates alone vs. with beta or calcium Nitroprusside, 342 COX-2 inhibitors, nonselective,
channel blockers in, 208, 209t heart failure treated with, 224, 225t 647–648
as nitric oxide donors, 342 hypertension treated with, 185–186, COX-2 inhibitors, selective, 645t,
organic, 342 192t 645–647
pharmacodynamics of Nitro reductions, 61t celecoxib, 645t, 647
mechanism of action in smooth Nitrosothiols, 197f meloxicam, 645t, 647
muscle in, 197f, 198 Nitrosoureas, 953f, 954, 956 drug interactions of, 1169t
organ system effects in, 198–200, Nitrous oxide, 441–449. See also on eicosanoid synthesis, 332
199f Anesthetics, inhaled in elderly, 1064
pharmacokinetics of, 198 properties of, 443t nonacetylated salicylates, 645t
preparations available, 211t structure of, 443f pharmacodynamics of, 643–645, 646f
tolerance to, 200–201 Nitro-vasodilators, angina pectoris treated preparations available, 664t
toxicity of with, 202 Nontoxic goiter, 700
acute adverse effects in, 200 Nivolumab, 975, 992 Nonulcer dyspepsia drugs
carcinogenicity of derivatives in, 201 Nizatidine, 1089–1091. See also H 2 -receptor antagonists, 1091
Nitrazepam H 2 -receptor antagonists metoclopramide and domperidone,
seizures treated with, 432 Nizoral, 1072 1097–1098
structure of, 382f NMDA, 375 proton-pump inhibitors, 1094
Nitrendipine, 203t NMDA antagonists NOP receptor, 554
Nitric oxide (NO), 34, 339–345, 345t analgesic, ion channels and, 560b Noradrenergic fibers, 90f, 93
in CNS, 380 as drugs of abuse, 580 Noradrenergic junction, 96f
in disease NMDA receptor(s) Norepinephrine (NE)
central nervous system, 344 antagonists of biosynthesis of, 97f
infection and inflammation, 344 depression treated with, 535–536 in CNS, 374f, 376t, 378–379
peripheral nervous system, 344 ketamine and phencyclidine, 585 in depression, 534, 535f
respiratory disorders, 344 in central sensitization, 560b dose-response curves to, 158f
septic shock, 343t, 343–344 in CNS, 375 functions of, 92t, 149
vascular effects, 342–343, 343f N-methyl-d-aspartate, 375 metabolism of, 96–97, 98f
drugs increasing, mechanism of action No-effect dose, 13 on renin release, 301
of, 197f Nonabsorbable sugars or salts, 1098 structure of, 144f