Page 1245 - Basic _ Clinical Pharmacology ( PDFDrive )

Index 1231

Opioid peptides, endogenous, 554, 554t definition of, 786 contraindications for specific ingredients
Opioid receptors, 553, 554t epidemiology of, 786 in, 1128
distribution of, on analgesia, 557f, treatment of, 780b, 786–787, 787f. decongestants
557–559, 559f See also Bone mineral homeosta- systemic, 1125t
mechanism of action of, 554t, 555t, 556 sis drugs topical, 1125t
Opisthorchiasis, 944 Ouabain, 217 definition and classification of, 1120
Oprelvekin, 604–605, 606t Ovarian cancer, chemotherapy for, 974 emergency contraceptives, 1125t
Optimization, compound, 13 Ovarian disturbances, 721–722 expectorants, 1125t
Oral antidiabetic agents, 757–764, Ovarian hormones, 720–732. See also guidelines for, 1121
768t–769t specific types hidden ingredients in, 1129t
Oral contraceptives, 732–737 androgens, 732 importance of physician familiarity with,
beneficial effects of, 737 contraception, hormonal, in women, 1121
physiologic effects of, 728t, 729, 729f, 732–737 ingredients of, FDA safety and efficacy
730t–731t estrogens, 722–727 review of, 1121
Orexin receptor antagonists, 390b, 394t functions of, normal, 720–721 laxatives, 1125t–1126t
Orexins, in CNS, 377t, 379 inhibin and activin, 732 overactive bladder treatment, 1126t
Organic anion transporter (OATP1B1), preparations available, 745t overuse or misuse of, 1121, 1128
82–83 progestins, 727–731 pediculicides (head lice), 1126t
Organochlorine pesticides, 1010t, relaxin, 732 selection of, 1121–1122
1010–1011, 1013f Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome sleep aids, 1127t
Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors, (OHSS), 674, 676 smoking cessation aids, 1127t
122t Ovarian inhibitors use of, 1120
absorption, distribution, and metabolism anastrozole, 739 Ovulation-inducing agents
of, 115–117 danazol, 738–739 clomiphene, 739–740
aging of, 117 estrogen and progesterone inhibitors and gonadotropins, 674–675, 675f
pharmacodynamics of, 117–118 antagonists, 737–740 Ovulation-suppressing agents, 726
poisoning with, case study on, 107, 123 exemestane, 739 Oxaliplatin, 955t, 956–957
structure of, 115, 116f fadrozole, 739 Oxaluria, enteric, 789
Organophosphorus pesticides, 1011t, fulvestrant, 739 Oxamniquine, 939t, 943–944
1011–1012 GnRH and analogs, 739 Oxandrolone, 740–743, 741t. See also
Organ transplantation, immunosuppressive letrozole, 739 Androgens and anabolic steroids
therapy for, 996 mifepristone, 738 Oxazepam, 393t. See also Benzodiazepines
Oritavancin, 803t ovulation-inducing agents, 723f, ethanol withdrawal treated with, 585,
Orlistat, 289b, 290t 739–740 589t
Oropharyngeal candidiasis, 355 tamoxifen and related partial agonist pharmacokinetics of, 385t
Orphan Drug Amendment of 1983, estrogens, 737f, 737–738 structure of, 382f
16t, 18 Ovarian stimulation, controlled Oxazolidinones, 823, 824t, 825t
Orphan drugs, 18 GnRH for, 677 Oxcarbazepine, 417, 433t, 435t
Orphanin FQ, 554 gonadotropins for, 674, 675f Oxiconazole, 1072
Orphanin opioid-receptor-like subtype 1 Ovary, 720–722 Oxidation, drug, 58–59, 60t–61t
(ORL1), 554 contraceptives on, female hormonal, Oxides, 1007t, 1008–1009
Orphan receptors, 21 732–733 Oxistat, 1072
Orphenadrine, 488, 489t, 501t, 508t normal cycle of, 720–721, 721f Oxprenolol, 166, 170t. See also b-receptor
Ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA), 900 Overactive bladder, 1126t antagonist drugs
Orthostatic hypotension, 157, 1061 Overshoot phenomenon, 38 Oxybutynin, 131. See also Muscarinic
Oseltamivir, 891–892 Over-the-counter agents, 1120–1130 receptor blockers
Osimertinib, 968, 974 acid reducers Oxycodone. See also Opioid agonists
Osmotic agents. See also specific agents H 2 -antagonists, 1122t description of, 555t, 568, 572t
nature of, 3 proton-pump inhibitors, 1122t G io protein-coupled receptor activation
preparations available, 274t agents switched from prescription to by, 581, 583f
Osmotic diuretics, 267–268, 273t, 274t OTC status, 1121, 1121t Oxygen demand, myocardial, 195, 195t
Osmotic laxatives allergy preparations, 1122t Oxygen supply, myocardial, 195
balanced polyethylene glycol, 1099 analgesics and antipyretics, 1123t Oxymetazoline, 149. See also
nonabsorbable sugars or salts, 1098 antacids, 1123t Sympathomimetics
Osteodystrophy, intestinal, 786 antidiarrheal agents, 1123t–1124t Oxymetholone, 740–743, 741t. See also
Osteonecrosis of the jaw, 780 antifungal preparations Androgens and anabolic steroids
Osteoporosis, 786–787, 787f topical, 1124t Oxymorphone, 555t, 567, 572t. See also
androgens and anabolic steroids for, 742 vaginal, 1124t Opioid agonists
case study of, 772, 791 antitussives, 1124t Oxytocin, 680–681, 681f, 684t