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194                                                                Chapter 4

        road by means of applying (4.47) or (4.56) to an antenna of any kind of complexity. Especially,
        the modern numerical toolboxes allow doing so with more or less restrictions depending on the
        realized algorithm. However, the inevitable round off numerical errors piling up during the long
        computer runs, possible undetected bugs in software silently compromising the results, false
        model simplifications, and hundreds other factors makes actually very difficult to verify the
        final results of simulation. Meanwhile, the linear character of Maxwell’s equations suggests
        that fields radiated by the antenna of complex configuration can be computed by superimposing
        contributions  from elementary radiators. Therefore, the process of decomposition based on
        elementary radiator as the building blocks and subsequent reconstruction can be effective way
        of antenna analysis, design and development (see Chapter 5). Note also that antennas as devices
        are a very critical component of any transmitting system transforming RF energy of current or
        voltage sources into EM waves propagating in space or a receiving system providing the inverse
        transformation on the reception sport. Evidently, the  main engineering task is to develop
        antennas of maximum efficiency. Therefore, we will start the next chapter from discussion of
        antenna parameters that let us specify the antenna performance and better understand the ways
        of antenna problem solution.



        REFERENCES

                                                       rd
        [1]    D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 3  Edition, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1999.
        [2]    Andrzej Wolski, Theory of Electromagnetic Fields, University of Liverpool and the
               Cockcroft Institute, UK, 2014, http://arxiv.org/pdf/1111.4354.pdf
        [3]    F. Porter, Course Notes,
               http://www.cithep.caltech.edu/~fcp/physics/quantumMechanics/paths/paths.pdf
        [4]    Alexander Atland, Classical Theoretical Physics II, University of Cologne, Germany,
               2014, http://www.thp.uni-koeln.de/alexal/pdf/cltpII.pdf or to download the book from
               www.scribd.com/doc/218714695/Classical-Theoretical-Physics-Alexander-Altland
        [5]    Yuriy  Shlepnev,  “How Interconnects Work: Modeling Conductor Loss and
               Dispersion”,  Published in  online  Signal Integrity Journal,  August 21, 2016,
               https://www.signalintegrityjournal.com/articles/25-how-interconnects-work-
               modeling-conductor-loss-and-dispersion
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