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11 Chromatographic techniques433K. WILSON11.1 Principles of chromatography 43311.2 Chromatographic performance parameters 43511.3 High-performance liquid chromatography 44611.4 Adsorption chromatography 45311.5 Partition chromatography 45511.6 Ion-exchange chromatography 45911.7 Molecular (size) exclusion chromatography 46211.8 Affinity chromatography 46511.9 Gas chromatography 47011.10 Suggestions for further reading 47612 Spectroscopic techniques: I Spectrophotometric techniques477A. HOFMANN12.1 Introduction 47712.2 Ultraviolet and visible light spectroscopy 48212.3 Fluorescence spectroscopy 49312.4 Luminometry 50712.5 Circular dichroism spectroscopy 50912.6 Light scattering 51412.7 Atomic spectroscopy 51612.8 Suggestions for further reading 51913 Spectroscopic techniques: II Structure and interactions522A. HOFMANN13.1 Introduction 52213.2 Infrared and Raman spectroscopy 52313.3 Surface plasmon resonance 52713.4 Electron paramagnetic resonance 53013.5 Nuclear magnetic resonance 53613.6 X-ray diffraction 54613.7 Small-angle scattering 54913.8 Suggestions for further reading 55114 Radioisotope techniques553R. J. SLATER14.1 Why use a radioisotope? 55314.2 The nature of radioactivity 55414.3 Detection and measurement of radioactivity 56114.4 Other practical aspects of counting of radioactivity and analysis of data 57314.5 Safety aspects 57714.6 Suggestions for further reading 580viii Contents