Page 500 - Pembentukan Kebijakan Reforma Agraria, 2006-2007 Bunga Rampai Perdebatan

Pembentukan Kebijakan Reforma Agraria 2006-2007

How do we account for the persistence of poverty in the
midst of plenty? If we knew the source of plenty, w
don’t poor countries simply adopt policies that ma
plenty? … We must create incentives for people to
invest in more efficient technology, increase their
and organize efficient markets. Such incentives ar
embodied in institutions.
Douglass North (2000) – Nobel Laureate 1993
What we are dealing with is a complex interrelated
structure... The institutional structure of the econom
be explained by the relative costs of different instit
arrangements, combined with parties' efforts to kee
costs at a minimum. Alongside price formation, the
formation of the institutional structure is regarded a
integral step in the process of resource distribution

Ronald Coase (1998) – Nobel Laureate 1991

Pendekatan Ekonomi Kelembagaan

• Ekonomi Kelembagaan Klasik (1930-an)
Berawal dari pemikiran John R. Commons, Thorstein Veblen,
Wesley Mitchell, Clarence Ayres, etc. yang menyatakan
tegas bahwa kelembagaan bukan hanya suatu konstrain, tapi
merupakan liberasi dalam konteks sekumpulan kepentingan.
• Ekonomi Kelembagaan Baru (NIE)
Ronald Coase, Douglass North, Oliver Williamson, Mancur
Olson, etc. yang mengembangkan prinsip analisis biaya
transaksi, kontrak dan organisasi. Kelembagaan dapat
menjadi suatu solusi “efisien” dalam ekonomi, kompetisi
adalah media untuk mencari organisasi atau aturan yg efisien

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