Page 22 - Siaf 2025

ﻎﺊﻊﺜلا يﺛﺼﻈلا لﻌﺧﺗملا نادﻌسلا ﻎﺸ ﻃسمسلا

Sesame in Sudan The Golden Cash Crop

Sesame is one of Sudan's most important cash crops, forming
a cornerstone of the agricultural economy and playing a key
role in generating foreign exchange, especially after the
decline of oil exports. Sudan ranks 4th globally, and 2nd in
both Africa and the Arab world, in sesame production. The
crop thrives in diverse regions of the country, thanks to
favorable soil and climate conditions.
Economic Importance of Sesame
Top agricultural export: Sesame is consistently among Sudan’s
top exported crops, making up approximately 15% of the
country’s agricultural export earnings.
Foreign exchange earner: It brings in signi�icant hard currency
from markets including China, India, Turkey, Egypt, and Gulf
countries. ﻀﻐﺦاﺗملا ﻃﻊأ ﻆﻄ ﻌﻊو ،نادﻌسلا ﻎﺸ ﻎﺲارﺞلا داﺧﺎﺻﻗا ةﺛمﺲأ ﺛﺖأ ﻃسمسلا لﻌﺧﺗﻄ ﺛﺳُ ﻏ
Job creation: Sesame supports employment in farming, ﻎﺸ داﺗلا عجارﺎلا ﺛﺳب ﺋﺦاخ ،ﺋﺊﺳﺧلا تﻘمﺳلا رﻐﺸﻌت ﻎﺸ ﺋلوﺛلا اﻋﻐﻂﺲ ﺛمﺎﺳت ﻎﺎلا ﺋﻏﺛﺼﻈلا
transport, processing, cleaning, and storage. جاﺎﻇإ ﻎﺸ اً ﻐبرﺲو اً ﻐﺼﻏرﺸإ ﺋﻐﻇاﺑلاو ،اً ﻐملاﺲ ﺋﺳبارلا ﺋﺊترملا نادﻌسلا ﻀﺎﺗﻏ .طفﻈلا تارداﺦ
Industrial value: Feeds local industries producing oil, soap, ﺋﻐخاﻈملا فورﺰلا ﺋﻄءﻘﻄ ﻀﺪفب ﺺﺬاﻈﻄو تاﻏﻗو ةﺛﺲ ﻎﺸ عﺠاو قاطﻇ ىﻂﺲ عرﺞُ ﻏو ،ﻃسمسلا
tahini, and livestock feed.
Major Production Areas in Sudan (By Percentage of Nation- ﺋبرﺎلاو.
al Output) ﻎﻈﺬﻌلا داﺧﺎﺻﻗا ﻎﺸ ﻃسمسلا ﺋﻐمﻊأ
State / Region % of Total National Output ﻎلامجإ ﻆﻄ ﺋﻐلاﺲ ﺋﺊسﻇ ﻃسمسلا ﻀ ّ ﺑمﻏ :ﺋﻐﺲارﺞلا نادﻌسلا تارداﺦ زربأ ﺛﺖأ
Gedaref 45% ﻎﺲارﺞلا رداﺧلا ﻀئاﺧﺖ ﻎلامجإ ﻆﻄ 15% ﻆﻄ رﺑﺾأ ىلإ اً ﻇاﻐﺖأ ﻀﺧت ،ﺋﻐطفﻈلا رﻐغ تارداﺧلا.
North & South Kordofan 20% ،ﻆﻐﺧلا ﻀﺑﻄ ﺋﻐسﻐئر قاﻌﺠأ ىلإ هرﻏﺛﺧت ﻃﺎﻏ ذإ :ﺋﻐﺊﻈجﻓا تﻘمﺳﻂل ﻎﺠاﺠأ درﻌﻄ
Blue Nile 10%
Darfur States 10% ﻎبرﺳلا ﺒﻐﻂﺚلاو ،رﺧﻄ ،اﻐﺾرت ،ﺛﻈﻋلا.
Sennar 7% ﺋﻐﻂﺗملا تاﺲاﻈﺧلا يﺜﺶﻏو ،ﺋﻂبرﺶلاو ،ﻆﻏﺞﺚﺎلا ،ﻀﺼﻈلا ،ﺋﺲارﺞلا ﻎﺸ ﻀمﺲ صرﺸ رﺸﻌﻏ
White Nile 5% نﻌباﺧلاو ﻆﺗطلاو تﻌﻏﺞلا ﺋﺲاﻈﺦ ﻀﺑﻄ.
ﻎﻄﻌﺼلا جاﺎﻇ�ا ﻆﻄ ﺋﻏﻌﺆملا ﺋﺊسﻈلاب) نادﻌسلا ﻎﺸ ﻃسمسلا جاﺎﻇإ ﺺﺬاﻈﻄ):
Other Areas 3%
Gedaref is widely considered the unof�icial sesame capital of نادﻌسلا تاﻏﻗو ﻎﺸ ﻎﻂﺿلا جاﺎﻇ�ا ﻆﻄ ﺋﺊسﻈلا
Sudan, with the largest market and most developed infrastruc- 10اً برغ) رﻌﺸراد تاﻏﻗو - 10%قرزﻓا ﻀﻐﻈلا - 20%ناﺸدرﺾ بﻌﻈجو لامﺣ - 45%فراﺪﺼلا ﺋﻏﻗو
ture for processing and export.
Local Sesame Varieties 3%ىرخأ ﺋﺻرفﺎﻄ ﺺﺬاﻈﻄ - 5%ﺨﻐبﻓا ﻀﻐﻈلا - 7%-راﻈﺠ
Sudan cultivates a wide variety of sesame types, including رداﺧلا قاﻌﺠأ رﺊﺾأ ﻆﺪﺎﺗتو ،نادﻌسلا ﻎﺸ ﻃسمسﻂل ﺋﻐمﺠرلا رﻐغ ﺋمﺦاﺳلا رﺊﺎﺳُ ت فراﺪﺼلا
ﻆﻏﺞﺚﺎلاو ﺋﻂبرﺶلاب ﺋﺦاﺚلا ﺋﻐﺎﺗﺎلا ﺋﻐﻈﺊلاو.
traditional local strains and improved high-yield varieties:
Traditional Varieties: Abu Sabain, Kenana, Zargaoui اً ﻐﻂﺗﻄ ﺋﺔﺎﻈملا فاﻈﺦﻓا
Improved Varieties: ،ﻎﻂﺗﻄ ﻌﻊ اﻄ اﻋﻈﻄ ،نادﻌسلا ﻎﺸ اﻋﺎﺲارز ﻃﺎت ﻎﺎلا ﻃسمسلا فاﻈﺦأ ﻎﺸ رﻐﺊﺾ عﻌﻈت كاﻈﻊ
Shandweel 2000: High yield (6–7 ardab/feddan).
Giza 32: Low-branching, 3–4 ardab. ىرخأ لود عﻄ ﺋﻐﺑﺗﺊلا تاﺾارﺤلا رﺊﺲ رّ ﻌطﻄ ﻌﻊ اﻄ اﻋﻈﻄو:
Toshka 1: Up to 7 ardab, suitable for clay soils. يواﺻرز ، ﺋﻇاﻈﺾ، -1فراﺪﺻ،ةرﺔﺣ مأ،ﻌﻄورب، رﺪخ :ﺋﻐﻂﺗﻄ ﺋﻏﺛﻐﻂﺼت فاﻈﺦأ
Sohag 1: Long stem, tolerates harsh conditions. :32 ةﺞﻐج، .(ناﺛفﻂل بدرأ 7–6) ﺋﻐلاﺲ ﺋﻐجاﺎﻇإ :2000 ﻀﻏوﺛﻈﺣ :ﺋﻐجاﺎﻇ�ا ﺋﻐلاﺲ ﺋﻈ ّ سﺗﻄ فاﻈﺦأ
.ﺋﻐﻈﻐطلا ﺋبرﺎﻂل ﺈﺠاﻈﻄ ،بدرأ 7–6 ﺋﻐجاﺎﻇإ :1 ﻎﺿﺣﻌت ، .بدرأ 4–3 ،عﻏرفﺎلا ﻃﻏﺛﺲ ﺷﻈﺦ
Variety selection depends on soil type, moisture level, and
climate. ﺋﻐﺠاﺼلا ﺋﻐﺆﻐﺊلا فورﺰلا ﻀمﺗﺎﻏ ،عرفﺎﻄ :1 جاﻊﻌﺠ،.
Infrastructure & Supply Chain
Grain Silos: Located in Gedaref, Kosti, and Sennar; essential for ﺋﺼطﻈملا ﻎﺸ ةرارﺗلا ﺋجردو ،ﺋبﻌﺬرلا ،ﺋبرﺎلا ﺈسﺖ ﺈﺠاﻈملا ﺷﻈﺧلا راﻐﺎخا ﻃﺎﻏ.
post-harvest storage. ﻆﻏﺞﺚﺎلاو ﺺﻏﻌسﺎﻂل ﺋﻐﺎﺗﺎلا ﺋﻐﻈﺊلا
Cleaning Stations: Used to grade and sort sesame for export جاﺎﻇ�ا ﺮفﺖ ﻎﺸ مﺛﺚتو ،ﻎﺎﺠﻌﺾو راﻈﺠو فراﺪﺼلا ﻎﺸ ﻎسﻐئر ﻀﺿﺤب رﺸﻌﺎت :لﻘﺶلا عﻄاﻌﺦ
quality. داﺧﺗلا ﺛﺳب اﻄ تارﺎﺸ لﻘخ.
Market Access: The Gedaref market is one of the largest رﻏﺛﺧﺎﻂل ةدﻌﺔلا تاجرد ﺈسﺖ ﻃسمسلا زرﺸو ﺷﻐﺰﻈﺎل مﺛﺚﺎست :ﺋﻂبرﺶلا تاطﺗﻄ.
sesame trading hubs in Africa.
Challenges Facing Sesame Production اﻐﺼﻏرﺸأ ﻎﺸ ﻃسمسلا قاﻌﺠأ رﺊﺾأ ﻆﻄ ﺛﺳُ ﻏ فراﺪﺼلا قﻌﺠ :ﺋﻏﺛﺼﻈلا ﻀﻐﺦاﺗملاو قاﻌﺠﻓا.
High production costs due to rising input prices. تاﺻﻌﺳملاو تاﻏﺛﺗﺎلا
Limited �inancing and absence of agricultural insurance. ﺋﻐﺲارﺞلا تﻘخﺛملا ءﻘغ ﺈﺊسب جاﺎﻇ�ا ﺋفﻂﺿت عافترا.
Lack of applied agricultural research tailored to Sudanese ﺋﻐخاﻈملا رﺬاﺚملا ﺛض ﻆﻐﻄأﺎلا باﻐغو ﻎﺲارﺞلا ﻀﻏﻌمﺎلا ﺋﻂﺻ.
conditions. تاﺸﻒل ﺋﻄواﺼملا فاﻈﺦﻓا لاﺔﻄ ﻎﺸ ا ً ﺦﻌﺧخ ،ﻎﺼﻐﺊطﺎلا ﻎﺲارﺞلا ثﺗﺊلا ﻎﺸ ﺷﺳض.
Shortage of skilled labor and mechanization. حوﺞﻈلاو ةرﺔﻋلا ﺈﺊسب ﺋﻐﺲارﺞلا ﺋلامﺳلا عجارت.
Recommendations for Improvement
Promote use of high-yield, disease-resistant varieties. لﻌﺧﺗملاب ضﻌﻋﻈﻂل تاﻐﺦﻌﺎلا
Strengthen agricultural �inance and crop insurance. ﺋﻈ ّ سﺗملا يواﺼﺎلا ماﺛﺚﺎﺠا عﻐﺠﻌت.
Develop value-added industries for local processing. ﻀﻐﺦاﺗملا ﻆﻐﻄأتو ﻎﺲارﺞلا ﻀﻏﻌمﺎلا ﻃﺲد.
Establish a national sesame commodity exchange. فﻘﺲأ - نﻌباﺦ - تﻌﻏز) ﺋﻐﻂﺗملا ﺋﻐﻂﻏﻌﺗﺎلا تاﺲاﻈﺧلا عﻐﺔﺤت).
Invest in modern irrigation and rural infrastructure. رﻏﺛﺧﺎلا ﻀﻐﻋستو راﺳﺠﻓا طﺊﺪل ﺋﻐﻇادﻌﺠ ﻃسمﺠ ﺋﺦرﻌب ءاﺤﻇإ.
Conclusion
Sesame is more than just a crop it is a strategic economic lever ﺋﻐﺎﺗﺎلا ﺋﻐﻈﺊلاو ثﻏﺛﺗلا يرلا ﻎﺸ رامﺑﺎﺠﻗا.
that supports thousands of livelihoods and contributes ﺋمتاخ
substantially to Sudan’s trade balance. With improved policy, ﻆﺿمﻏ ﺋﻐﺔﻐتارﺎﺠاو ﺋﻏداﺧﺎﺻا ﺋﺳﺸار ﻌﻊ ﻀب ،نادﻌسلا ﻎﺸ ﻎﺲارز لﻌﺧﺗﻄ درﺔﻄ ﺟﻐل ﻃسمسلا
تاﺠاﻐسلا ﻀﻄاﺿﺎب .ﺋﻐﺲارﺞلا رﺠﻓا فﻗآ ﺢﻐﺲ ﻀﺊﺠ ﻆﻐسﺗتو ﻎﻈﺬﻌلا داﺧﺎﺻﻗا ﻃﺲد اﻊرﺊﺲ
infrastructure, and innovation, Sudan could regain its former
ﻃلاﺳلا ﻎﺸ ﻃسمسﻂل رﺛﺧﻄ رﺊﺾأﺾ هﺎﻇاﺿﻄ نادﻌسلا ﺛﻐﺳﺎسﻏ نأ ﻆﺿمﻏ ،تاﺖﻘﺦ�او.
position as the world’s leading sesame exporter.

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