Page 30 - Siaf 2025

Converting Organic Waste into Natural Fertilizers
نادﻌسلا ﻎﺸ ﺋﻏﻌﺎﺤلا ﺋﺲارﺞلا تاﺠرامﻄ ﻀﺪﺸأ

Best Practices for Winter Agriculture in Sudan
ﺋﻐﺳﻐﺊﺬ ةﺛمﺠأ ىلإ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا ﻀﻏﻌﺗت
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Winter agriculture in Sudan is a vital economic and ﻎﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻴﻋارزو ﺎﻳدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺎﻃﺎﺸﻧ نادﻮﺴﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﻮﺘﺸﻟا ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا ﺪﻌﺗ ﹸ
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agronomic activity, providing seasonal diversity in food ﻢﻋدو ،ﻲﺋاﺬﻐﻟا جﺎﺘﻧﻹا ﻲﻓ عﻮﻨﺗ ﻦﻣ هﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﺎﻤﻟ اﺮﻈﻧ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷا
production, enhancing food security, and opening up ﻞﺋﺎﺳو رﻮﻄﺗ ﻊﻣو .ﺔﻌﺳاو ﺔﻳﺮﻳﺪﺼﺗ صﺮﻓو ،ﻲﺋاﺬﻐﻟا ﻦﻣﻸﻟ
export opportunities. With the expansion of pivot irriga-
tion systems, and the successful use of sandy and desert ﺔﻴﻠﻣﺮﻟا بﺮﺘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا ﻊﺳﻮﺗو ،يرﻮﺤﻤﻟا يﺮﻟا ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ،يﺮﻟا
soils, Sudan has seen a signi cant increase in winter crop ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﺑ ءﺎﺘﺸﻟا ﻢﺳﻮﻣ لﻼﻐﺘﺳا نﺎﻜﻣﻹﺎﺑ ﺢﺒﺻأ ،ﺔﻳواﺮﺤﺼﻟاو
productivity across various regions. ﻢﻴﻟﺎﻗﻷا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﻓ ةﺪﻳاﺰﺘﻣ. Organic waste is one of the important resources that can be ﻎﺸ اﻋﻈﻄ ةدافﺎﺠﻗا ﻆﺿمﻏ ﻎﺎلا ﺋﻄاﻋلا رداﺧملا ﺛﺖأ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا ﺛﺳت
e success of winter agriculture depends on combining رﺎﻴﺘﺧا ﻦﻴﺑ ﻊﻤﺠﻟا ﺪﻨﻋ نادﻮﺴﻟا ﻲﻓ يﻮﺘﺸﻟا جﺎﺘﻧﻹا ﺢﺠﻨﻳ utilized to improve agricultural soil and enhance agricultural ةﺛمﺠأ ىلإ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا ﻀﻏﻌﺗت ﺛﺳﻏو ،ﻎﺲارﺞلا جاﺎﻇ�ا ﺞﻏﺞﺳتو ﺋﻐﺲارﺞلا ﺋبرﺎلا ﻆﻐسﺗت
the right crop selection for each region, the application of ،ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﻴﻋارز تﺎﺳرﺎﻤﻣ عﺎﺒﺗاو ،ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﺻﺎﺤﻤﻟا production, and converting organic waste into natural fertilizers دامسلا و ﺌﺠﻌﺊمﺿلا رﺊﺎﺳﻏ .ﺋﺲارﺞلا ﻎﺸ ﺋﻐﺆﻐﺊلا ﺋﻄاﺛﺎﺠﻗا ﺺﻐﺼﺗﺎل قرطلا ﻀﺪﺸأ ﻆﻄ ﺋﻐﺳﻐﺊﺬ
is one of the best ways to achieve environmental sustainability in
best farming practices, and the adoption of modern technol- هﺎﻴﻤﻟا ةرﺪﻧ ﻞﻇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻴﺳ ﻻ ،ﺔﺜﻳﺪﺤﻟا ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةدﺎﻔﺘﺳﻻاو agriculture. Compost and organic manure are among the most
ogies, especially in areas facing water scarcity and challeng- ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺾﻌﺑ ﻲﻓ خﺎﻨﻤﻟاو ﺔﺑﺮﺘﻟا تﺎﻳﺪﺤﺗو. prominent natural fertilizers produced from organic waste. ese ةﺛمﺠأ ﻎﻊو ،ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا ﻆﻄ اﻋجاﺎﻇإ ﻃﺎﻏ ﻎﺎلا ﺋﻐﺳﻐﺊطلا ةﺛمﺠﻓا زربأ ﻆﻄ يﻌﺪﺳلا
ing soil conditions. fertilizers are rich in nutrients that improve soil fertility and ،ﺋبﻌﺬرلاب ظافﺎﺖﻗا ىﻂﺲ اﻋترﺛﺻ ﻆﻄ ﺛﻏﺞتو ﺋبرﺎلا ﺋبﻌﺧخ ﻆﻄ ﻆسﺗت ﻎﺎلا ﺋﻏﺜﺶملا داﻌملاب ﺋﻐﻈغ
Regional Overview of Winter Agriculture in Sudan ﺔﻴﻋارﺰﻟا ﻢﻴﻟﺎﻗﻷا ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻳﻮﺘﺸﻟا ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ increase its ability to retain moisture, which promotes plant ﻆﻄ نﻌﺿﺎت ﻎﺎلا داﻌملا ﻎﻊ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا .ﻀﻐﺦاﺗملا جاﺎﻇإ ﻆسﺗﻏو تاتاﺊﻈلا ﻌمﻇ زﺞﺳﻏ امﻄ
growth and improves crop production. Organic waste consists of
Northern State, River Nile State, and West Omdurman نﺎﻣرد مأ بﺮﻏو ﻞﻴﻨﻟا ﺮﻬﻧو ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﺸﻟا: living materials or animal derivatives, and it can be divided into ﻀﺑﻄ ماﺳطلا تافﻂﺚﻄ اﻋﻈﻄ ،عاﻌﻇأ ةﺛﺲ ىلإ اﻋمﻐسﺼت ﻆﺿمﻏو ،ﺋﻐﻇاﻌﻐﺖ تاﺼﺎﺤﻄ وأ ﺋﻐﺖ داﻌﻄ
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Among the most successful areas for winter cultivation. ﺔﻳﻮﺘﺸﻟا ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺎﺣﺎﺠﻧ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺮﺜﻛأ ﻦﻣ several types, including food waste like vegetables and fruits le ﻆﻄ تاتاﺊﻈلا اﻏاﺼب ﻀﺑﻄ ﺋﻐﺲارﺞلا تافﻂﺚملاو ،ماﺳطلا رﻐﺪﺗت ﺛﺳب ﺋﻐﺼﺊﺎملا هﺾاﻌفلاو تاورﺪﺚلا
Mainly depend on pivot irrigation systems, especially for ﺔﻋارز ﻲﻓ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ،يرﻮﺤﻤﻟا يﺮﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺴﻴﺋر ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ a er meal preparation, agricultural waste such as plant residues
alfalfa and Bechnam fodder crops, and potato in sandy بﺮﺘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺲﻃﺎﻄﺒﻟا ﻚﻟﺬﻛو ،مﺎﻨﻜﺒﻟاو ﻢﻴﺳﺮﺒﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ فﻼﻋﻷا from crops, animal waste like manure and animal droppings, and ىلإ ﺋﺸاض�اب ،ﺋﻐﻇاﻌﻐﺗلا تﻘﺪفلاو ثورلا ﻀﺑﻄ تاﻇاﻌﻐﺗلا تافﻂﺚﻄو ،ﺋﻐﺲارﺞلا ﻀﻐﺦاﺗملا
soils. ﺔﻴﻠﻣﺮﻟا household waste such as paper, cardboard, and used leaves. ese اﻋﻇأب تافﻂﺚملا هﺜﻊ ﺞﻐمﺎت .ﺋﻄﺛﺚﺎسملا قاروﻓاو نﻌترﺿلاو قرﻌلا ﻀﺑﻄ ﺋﻐلﺞﻈملا تافﻂﺚملا
wastes are biodegradable and can be converted into natural
Major producers of wheat, fava beans, and lentils. سﺪﻌﻟاو يﺮﺼﻤﻟا لﻮﻔﻟاو ﺢﻤﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺮﻴﺒﻛ تﺎﻴﻤﻛ ﺞﺘﻨﺗ fertilizers that improve soil quality and contribute to increased ﻃﻊاستو ﺋبرﺎلا ةدﻌج ﻆﻄ ﻆسﺗت ﺋﻐﺳﻐﺊﺬ ةﺛمﺠأ ىلإ اﻋﻂﻏﻌﺗت ﻆﺿمﻏو ﻎجﻌلﻌﻐﺊلا ﻀﻂﺗﺎﻂل ﺋﻂباﺻ
Gezira and Managil (Central Sudan) agricultural production. ﻎﺲارﺞلا جاﺎﻇ�ا ةداﻏز ﻎﺸ.
Important for growing wheat, onions, tomatoes, and نادﻮﺴﻟا ﻂﺳو , ﻞﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟاو ةﺮﻳﺰﺠﻟا Converting organic waste into natural fertilizers plays a signi- .ﺋبرﺎلا ﺋبﻌﺧخ ﻆﻐسﺗت ﻎﺸ ةرﻐﺊﺾ ﺋﻐمﻊأ هل ﺋﻐﺳﻐﺊﺬ ةﺛمﺠأ ىلإ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا ﻀﻏﻌﺗت
legumes. تﺎﻴﻟﻮﻘﺒﻟاو ﻢﻃﺎﻤﻄﻟاو ﻞﺼﺒﻟاو ﺢﻤﻘﻟا ﺔﻋارﺰﻟ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻢﻫأ ﻦﻣ cant role in improving soil fertility. e natural fertilizers ﻀﺑﻄ) ﺋﻐﺳﻐﺊﺬ تاﻏﺜﺶﻄ ىﻂﺲ يﻌﺎﺗت ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا ﻆﻄ ﺋﺔﺎﻈملا ﺋﻐﺳﻐﺊطلا ةﺛمﺠﻓا
produced from organic waste contain natural nutrients (such as
Irrigated from Blue Nile canal networks. قرزﻷا ﻞﻴﻨﻟا تاﻮﻨﻗ ﻦﻣ يﺮﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ. nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) that nourish plants and
Kordofan and Darfur رﻮﻓرادو نﺎﻓدﺮﻛ enhance their growth. ey also help rebalance the organic اﻋﻇأ امﺾ .اﻊﻌمﻇ ﺞﻏﺞﺳتو تاتاﺊﻈلا ﺋﻏﺜﺶت ىﻂﺲ ﻀمﺳت ﻎﺎلا (مﻌﻐﺠاتﻌﺊلاو ،رﻌفﺠﻌفلا ،ﻆﻐجورﺎﻐﻈلا
Depend on rainfall and water harvesting. هﺎﻴﻤﻟا دﺎﺼﺣو ﺮﻄﻤﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ matter in the soil, improving its fertility and making it more ةرﺛﺻ رﺑﺾأ اﻋﻂﺳﺔﻏو اﻋﺎبﻌﺧخ ﻆسﺗﻏ امﻄ ،ﺋبرﺎلا ﻎﺸ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا داﻌمﻂل نزاﻌﺎلا ةداﺲإ ﻎﺸ ﺛﺲاست
Suitable for groundnuts, gum arabic, lentils, and chickpeas. تﺎﻴﻟﻮﻘﺒﻟاو ﻲﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﻎﻤﺼﻟاو ﻲﻧادﻮﺴﻟا لﻮﻔﻟا ﺔﻋارز ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﺟﺎﻧ capable of retaining nutrients. Additionally, converting organic ةﺛمﺠأ ىلإ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا ﻀﻏﻌﺗت نإﺸ ،كلذ ىلإ ﺋﺸاض�اب .ﺋﻐئاﺜﺶلا رﺦاﻈﺳلاب ظافﺎﺖﻗا ىﻂﺲ
waste into natural fertilizers helps reduce environmental
Blue Nile and Sennar ﺺﻤﺤﻟاو سﺪﻌﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ pollution, as these organic wastes can be converted into fertilizer ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا ﻆﻄ صﻂﺚﺎلا ﻃﺎﻏ نأ ﻆﺿمﻏ ثﻐﺖ ،ﻎﺆﻐﺊلا ثﻌﻂﺎلا ﻀﻐﻂﺼت ﻎﺸ ﺛﺲاسﻏ ﺋﻐﺳﻐﺊﺬ
Moderate water availability and good soils. instead of being dumped in landlls or dumpsites, reducing ثﻌﻂﺎلا ﻆﻄ ﻀﻂﺼﻏ امﻄ ،رﻄاطملا وأ تاﺊﺿملا ﻎﺸ اﻋئاﺼلإ ﻆﻄ ً ﻗﺛب ﻎﺳﻐﺊﺬ دامﺠ ىلإ ﻀﻏﻌﺗﺎلا رﺊﺲ
Produce onions, vegetables, and limited wheat. رﺎﻨﺳو قرزﻷا ﻞﻴﻨﻟا pollution caused by burning or burying these wastes. Converting
Eastern Sudan (Gedarif and Kassala) ةﺪﻴﺟ ﺔﺑﺮﺘﻟاو ،ﺔﻟﺪﺘﻌﻣ هﺎﻴﻤﻟا ﺮﻓﻮﺗ them into natural fertilizers also reduces emissions of greenhouse تاﺐاﺳﺊﻇا ﻆﻄ ﻀﻂﺼﻏ ﻎﺳﻐﺊﺬ دامﺠ ىلإ ﻀﻏﻌﺗﺎلا نأ امﺾ .تافﻂﺚملا هﺜﻊ ﻆﺸد وأ قرﺗلا ﻆﺲ ﺒتاﻈلا
Grow onions, lentils, and leafy greens in areas with shallow ةدوﺪﺤﻣ تﺎﻴﻤﻜﺑ ﺢﻤﻘﻟا ،تاوﺮﻀﺨﻟا ،ﻞﺼﺒﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ ﻞﻴﺻﺎﺤﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﺗ gases such as methane and carbon dioxide. نﻌبرﺿلا ﺛﻐسﺾأ ﻎﻇاﺐ و ناﺑﻐملا ﻀﺑﻄ ﺋﺆﻐﺸﺛلا تازاغ.
Converting organic waste also helps in improving soil structure.
groundwater or proximity to rivers. ﻼﺴﻛو فرﺎﻀﻘﻟا-نادﻮﺴﻟا قﺮﺷ Organic fertilizers improve soil structure by increasing soil poros- ىﻂﺲ ﻀمﺳت ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا ةﺛمﺠﻓا .ﺋبرﺎلا ﺋﻐﻈب ﻆﻐسﺗت ﻎﺸ ا ً ﺪﻏأ ﺛﺲاسﻏ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا ﻀﻏﻌﺗت
Conclusion وأ ﺔﻴﻓﻮﺟ هﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﻬﺑ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ تﺎﻴﻗرﻮﻟاو سﺪﻌﻟاو ﻞﺼﺒﻟا ﺔﻋارز ity, allowing water and air to ow better to plant roots. ey also ءاﻌﻋلاو ءاملا ﺺﺸﺛﺎب حمسﻏ امﻄ ،ﺋبرﺎلا ﺋﻐﻄاسﻄ ةداﻏز ﻎﺸ ﺛﺲاست ثﻐﺖ ،ﺋبرﺎلا ﺋﻐﻈب ﻆﻐسﺗت
Sudan’s winter agriculture sector holds immense potential ﺮﻬﻧﻷا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺒﻳﺮﻗ. help improve the soil's ability to retain water, which is crucial in ظافﺎﺖﻗا ىﻂﺲ ﺋبرﺎلا ةرﺛﺻ ﻆﻐسﺗت ﻎﺸ ﺛﺲاست اﻋﻇأ امﺾ .تاتاﺊﻈلا روﺜج ىلإ ﻀﺪﺸأ ﻀﺿﺤب
for national and regional food security. e integration of مﺎﺘﺨﻟا areas su€ering from water scarcity. Additionally, converting
pivot irrigation in the north and west, commercial potato organic waste into natural fertilizers helps reduce reliance on ﻀﻏﻌﺗت ﻃﻋسﻏ ،ا ً ﺪﻏأ .هاﻐملا ةرﺛﻇ ﻆﻄ ﻎﻇاﺳت ﻎﺎلا ﺺﺬاﻈملا ﻎﺸ ﺋﻐمﻊﻓا ﺴلاب رﻄأ ﻌﻊو ،هاﻐملاب
chemical fertilizers, as the use of chemical fertilizers in agricul-
farming in sandy soils, and expanded production of cotton, ﻦﻴﺑ جﺰﻤﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻜﺗﺮﻳ نادﻮﺴﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﻮﺘﺸﻟا ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا حﺎﺠﻧ نإ ture can lead to long-term soil degradation and higher agricultur- ثﻐﺖ ،ﺋﻐئاﻐمﻐﺿلا ةﺛمﺠﻓا ىﻂﺲ دامﺎﺲﻗا ﻆﻄ ﻀﻐﻂﺼﺎلا ﻎﺸ ﺋﻐﺳﻐﺊﺬ ةﺛمﺠأ ىلإ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا
legumes, and vegetables are transforming the agricultural ﺔﺜﻳﺪﺣ تﺎﻴﻨﻘﺗ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳاو ،ﻲﺧﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟاو ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟا ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟا al production costs. By converting organic waste into natural ىﺛملا ىﻂﺲ ﺋبرﺎلا رﻌﻊﺛت ىلإ يدﺂﻏ نأ ﻆﺿمﻏ ﺋﺲارﺞلا ﻎﺸ ﺋﻐئاﻐمﻐﺿلا ةﺛمﺠﻓا ماﺛﺚﺎﺠا نأ
landscape. ﻞﻜﻓ .ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺘﺳﻼﺒﻟا قﺎﻔﻧﻷاو ،ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺪﻟا ﺔﻋارﺰﻟا ،يرﻮﺤﻤﻟا يﺮﻟﺎـﻛ fertilizers, reliance on chemical fertilizers can be reduced, and ،ﺋﻐﺳﻐﺊﺬ ةﺛمﺠأ ىلإ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا ﻀﻏﻌﺗت لﻘخ ﻆﻄ .ﻎﺲارﺞلا جاﺎﻇ�ا ﺷﻐلاﺿت ةداﻏزو ﻀﻏﻌطلا
Tailoring agricultural practices to local conditions climate, ﻞﻌﺠﺗ ،ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧإو ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺑ ﺔﻴﺻﻮﺼﺨﺑ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﺗ نادﻮﺴﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ natural, environmentally friendly materials can be used. ﺋﺆﻐﺊﻂل ﺋﺼﻏﺛﺦو ﺋﻐﺳﻐﺊﺬ داﻌﻄ ماﺛﺚﺎﺠاو ﺋﻐئاﻐمﻐﺿلا ةﺛمﺠﻓا ىﻂﺲ دامﺎﺲﻗا ﻀﻐﻂﺼت ﻆﺿمﻏ.
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Converting organic waste into natural fertilizers is carried out
soil, water availability alongside early pest monitoring, ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺳﺎﺣ ﻼﻣﺎﻋ ،ﻪﺗﺎﺳرﺎﻤﻣو ﻪﺘﻴﻗﻮﺗو ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟا لﻮﺼﺤﻤﻟا رﺎﻴﺘﺧا through the process of biological decomposition, also known as اﻄ وأ ﻎجﻌلﻌﻐﺊلا ﻀﻂﺗﺎلا ﺋﻐﻂمﺲ لﻘخ ﻆﻄ ﻃﺎﻏ ﺋﻐﺳﻐﺊﺬ ةﺛمﺠأ ىلإ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا ﻀﻏﻌﺗت
balanced fertilization, and the adoption of modern tools جﺎﺘﻧﻹاو ﺔﻣاﺪﺘﺳﻻا ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ. composting, where organic materials are converted into a
such as drip irrigation and remote monitoring, enables اﻮﻘﻘﺤﻳ نأ ﻦﻴﻴﻧادﻮﺴﻟا ﻦﻴﻋراﺰﻤﻠﻟ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ،تﺎﻴﺠﻴﺗاﺮﺘﺳﻻا هﺬﻫ ﻲﻨﺒﺘﺑ nutrient-rich substance that benets the soil. e composting رﺦاﻈﺳلاب ﺋﻐﻈغ ةداﻄ ىلإ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا داﻌملا ﻀﻏﻌﺗت ﻃﺎﻏ ثﻐﺖ ،(ﺌﺠﻌﺊمﺿلا) ﺛﻐمسﺎلا ـب ىمسُ ﻏ
Sudanese farmers to achieve sustainable, high-yield winter ﹰ ﹰ ﹰ ﹰ ﹰ process typically involves the following steps: First, collecting تافﻂﺚملا عمج ﻃﺎﻏ ،ً ﻗوأ :ﻎلاﺎلا ﻌﺗﻈلا ىﻂﺲ ةداﺲ ﺛﻐمسﺎلا ﺋﻐﻂمﺲ ﻃﺎتو .ﺋبرﺎلا ﺛﻐفت ﻎﺎلا ﺋﻏﺜﺶملا
organic waste such as food scraps, animal manure, crop residues,
production. هﺎﻴﻤﻟاو خﺎﻨﻤﻟا تﺎﺒﻠﻘﺘﻟ ﺎﻣوﺎﻘﻣو ،ﺎﻳدﺎﺼﺘﻗاو ،ﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ ﺎﻳﻮﺘﺷ ﺎﻤﺳﻮﻣ. and leaves. It is best to avoid adding non-organic wastes such as ﺈﻈﺔت ﻀﺪفُ ﻏ .قاروﻓاو ،ﺋﻐﺲارﺞلا ﻀﻐﺦاﺗملا اﻏاﺼب ،تاﻇاﻌﻐﺗلا ثور ،ماﺳطلا اﻏاﺼب ﻀﺑﻄ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا
plastic or metals. Second, preparing the composting area, where ﻃﺎﻏ ثﻐﺖ ،ناﺿملا رﻐﺪﺗت ﻃﺎﻏ ،اً ﻐﻇاﺐ .نداﺳملا وأ كﻐﺎﺠﻘﺊلا ﻀﺑﻄ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا رﻐغ تافﻂﺚملا ﺋﺸاضإ
a suitable location for composting, such as a large pit or dedicat-
ed container, is chosen with good ventilation to speed up the دﻌجو ﻆﻄ ﺛﺾأﺎلا عﻄ ﺋﺧﺧﺚﻄ ﺋﻏواﺖ وأ ةرﻐﺊﺾ ةرفﺖ ﻀﺑﻄ ﺛﻐمسﺎلا ﺋﻐﻂمﺳل ﺈﺠاﻈﻄ ناﺿﻄ راﻐﺎخا
decomposition process. ird, arranging the organic materials in تاﺼﺊﺬ ﻀﺿﺤب ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا ﺈﻐترت ﻃﺎﻏ ،ا ً ﺑلاﺐ .ﻀﻂﺗﺎلا ﺋﻐﻂمﺲ ﺋﺲرﺠ ةداﻏﺞل ةﺛﻐج ﺋﻏﻌﻋت
alternating layers of dry materials (like tree leaves or straw) and
wet materials (like food scraps or manure). ese layers help وأ ماﺳطلا اﻏاﺼب ﻀﺑﻄ) ﺋﺊﺬرلا داﻌملاو (ﺢﺼلا وأ راﺔﺣﻓا قاروأ ﻀﺑﻄ) ﺋﺸاﺔلا داﻌملا ﻆﻄ ﺋلداﺊﺎﻄ
improve air circulation and speed up decomposition. Fourth, the جاﺎﺗت ،اً ﺳبار .ﻀﻂﺗﺎلا عﻏرستو ﺋﻏﻌﻋﺎلا ﻆﻐسﺗت ﻎﺸ تاﺼﺊطلا هﺜﻊ ﺛﺲاست .(تاﻇاﻌﻐﺗلا ثور
organic materials need to be aerated periodically to accelerate ﻀﺾ داﻌملا ﺈﻐﻂﺼت ﻆﺿمﻏ .ﻀﻂﺗﺎلا ﺋﻐﻂمﺲ عﻏرسﺎل يرود ﻀﺿﺤب ﺋﻏﻌﻋﺎلا ىلإ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا
decomposition. e materials can be turned every few weeks to
ensure even distribution of air. Finally, a er a period of 3 to 6 ،رﻋﺣأ 6 ىلإ 3 ﻆﻐب حوارﺎت ةرﺎﺸ ﺛﺳب ،اً رﻐخأ .واسﺎﻄ ﻀﺿﺤب ءاﻌﻋلا عﻏزﻌت نامﺪل عﻐباﺠأ ﺋﺳﺪب
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months, the organic waste transforms into natural fertilizer rich اﺜﻊ ماﺛﺚﺎﺠا ﻆﺿمﻏ .ﺋﻏﺜﺶملا رﺦاﻈﺳلاب ﻎﻈغ ﻎﺳﻐﺊﺬ دامﺠ ىلإ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا لﻌﺗﺎت
in nutrients. is fertilizer can be used to improve the soil and
enhance its fertility. اﻋﺎبﻌﺧخ ةداﻏزو ﺋبرﺎلا ﻆﻐسﺗﺎل دامسلا.
Economic benets of converting organic waste into natural ﺷﻐلاﺿت ﺨفخ ﻀمﺤت ﺋﻐﺳﻐﺊﺬ ةﺛمﺠأ ىلإ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا ﻀﻏﻌﺗﺎل ﺋﻏداﺧﺎﺻﻗا ﺛئاﻌفلا
fertilizers include reducing agricultural costs, as farmers can save
the cost of purchasing chemical fertilizers by producing organic ةﺛمﺠﻓا جاﺎﻇإ لﻘخ ﻆﻄ ﺋﻐئاﻐمﻐﺿلا ةﺛمﺠﻓا ءارﺣ ﺋفﻂﺿت رﻐﺸﻌت ﻆﻐﺲراﺞمﻂل ﻆﺿمﻏ ثﻐﺖ ،ﺋﺲارﺞلا
fertilizers locally using available waste. is reduces operational ﺋﻐﺗبر ﻆﻄ ﺛﻏﺞﻏو ﺋﻐﻂﻐﺶﺤﺎلا ﺷﻐلاﺿﺎلا ﻆﻄ ﻀﻂﺼﻏ اﺜﻊ .ﺋﺖاﺎملا تافﻂﺚملا ماﺛﺚﺎﺠاب اً ﻐﻂﺗﻄ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا
costs and increases agricultural protability. Furthermore, using
natural fertilizers improves crop productivity and contributes to ةداﻏز ﻎﺸ ﻃﻊاسﻏو ﻀﻐﺦاﺗملا ﺋﻐجاﺎﻇإ ﻆﻄ ﻆسﺗُ ﻏ ﺋﻐﺳﻐﺊطلا ةﺛمﺠﻓا ماﺛﺚﺎﺠا نأ امﺾ .ﺋﺲارﺞلا
increased agricultural yields sustainably. Additionally, converting ىلإ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا ﻀﻏﻌﺗت تاﻐﻂمﺲ نإﺸ ،كلذ ىلإ ﺋﺸاض�اب .ماﺛﺎسﻄ ﻀﺿﺤب ﺋﻐﺲارﺞلا ﺛئاﻌﺳلا
organic waste into natural fertilizers can create new job opportu- جاﺎﻇإ ،تافﻂﺚملا عمج ﻀﺑﻄ تﻗاﺔﻄ ﻎﺸ ةﺛﻏﺛج ﻀمﺲ صرﺸ ﺺﻂخ ﻎﺸ ﻃﻊاست ﺋﻐﺳﻐﺊﺬ ةﺛمﺠأ
nities in areas such as waste collection, fertilizer production, and
distribution. عﻏزﻌﺎلا و ،دامسلا.
Conclusion: Converting organic waste into natural fertilizers is ﻃﻊاست ﻎﺎلا ﺋﻄاﺛﺎسملا لﻌﻂﺗلا ﻆﻄ ﺛﺳُ ﻏ ﺋﻐﺳﻐﺊﺬ ةﺛمﺠأ ىلإ ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا ﻀﻏﻌﺗت :ﺋﺦﻘﺚلا
one of the sustainable solutions that contribute to improving the
agricultural environment and reducing negative environmental وأ يﻌﺪﺳلا دامسلا لﻘخ ﻆﻄ .ﻎﺊﻂسلا ﻎﺆﻐﺊلا رﺐﻓا ﻀﻐﻂﺼتو ﺋﻐﺲارﺞلا ﺋﺆﻐﺊلا ﻆﻐسﺗت ﻎﺸ
impacts. rough organic manure or compost, soil fertility can ،ﺋﻄاﺛﺎسملا ﺋﺲارﺞلا ﻃﺲد ،ﻎﺆﻐﺊلا ثﻌﻂﺎلا ﻀﻐﻂﺼت ،ﺋبرﺎلا ﺋبﻌﺧخ ﻆﻐسﺗت ﻆﺿمﻏ ،ﺌﺠﻌﺊمﺿلا
be improved, environmental pollution can be reduced, sustain-
able agriculture can be supported, and reliance on chemical ﻎﺸ ﻃﻊاست تاﺠرامملا هﺜﻊ نإﺸ ،كلذ ىﻂﺲ ةوﻘﺲ .ﺋﻐئاﻐمﻐﺿلا ةﺛمﺠﻓا ىﻂﺲ دامﺎﺲﻗا ﻀﻐﻂﺼتو
fertilizers can be minimized. Moreover, these practices contrib- ﻀﺿﺤب ﺋﻏﻌﺪﺳلا تافﻂﺚملا ماﺛﺚﺎﺠا نإ .ماﺛﺎسﻄ ﻎئاﺜغ ﻆﻄأ ﺺﻐﺼﺗتو ﺋﻐﺲارﺞلا ﺷﻐلاﺿﺎلا ﺨفخ
ute to lower agricultural costs and achieving sustainable food
security. Properly utilizing organic waste can be an important ﻀﺊﺼﺎسملا ﻎﺸ ﺋﻄاﺛﺎﺠا رﺑﺾأو ﺋﻐﺗﺦ ﺋﻐﺲارز ﺋﺆﻐب ﻌﺗﻇ ﺋﻄاﻊ ةﻌطخ نﻌﺿﻏ نأ ﻆﺿمﻏ حﻐﺗﺦ.
step toward a healthier and more sustainable agricultural environ-
ment in the future.
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