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distinctive	brands,	and	made	billions.
   If	 buyers	 can	 perceive	 differences	 in	 different	 catsups,	 flour,	 pickles,	 and

sugar—all	 of	 which	 are	 almost	 identical	 biologically	 and	 chemically—then
people	 certainly	 will	 perceive	 major	 differences	 in	 services.	 Services,	 after	 all,
comprise	unique	components:	people,	no	two	of	whom	are	the	same.

   Two	services	cannot	be	virtually	identical	in	the	people	they	attract,	the	work
they	 inspire,	 the	 information	 and	 training	 they	 pass	 on,	 the	 rate	 at	 which	 they
learn,	or	the	efficiency	with	which	they	work.	It	is	not	unlikely;	it	is	impossible.
Human	beings	are	too	different,	and	their	interactions	in	different	environments
only	magnify	those	differences.

   What’s	more,	prospects	perceive	services	as	different.	All	of	us	have	walked
into	 a	 company	 and	 immediately	 detected	 the	 forces	 at	 work.	 Passion,	 energy,
optimism—in	a	dynamic	service	company,	all	these	qualities	are	palpable	within
the	 first	 fifteen	 seconds	 of	 entering	 the	 lobby.	 You	 can	 read	 the	 DNA	 of	 a
company	 from	 the	 receptionist	 and	 discover	 it	 replicated	 throughout	 the
company.

   Every	 service	 is	 different.	 Identifying	 and	 communicating	 those	 differences
and	creating	new	ones	are	central	to	successful	service	marketing.

   If	you	cannot	see	the	differences	in	your	service,	look	harder.

Position	Is	a	Passive	Noun,	Not	an	Active	Verb

	

We	 want	 to	 position	 ourselves	 as	 the	 market	 leader,”	 say	 several	 million
executives	each	year.

   They	cannot	do	that.
   They	cannot	position	themselves	as	the	leader	for	a	simple	reason:
   No	company	can	position	itself	as	anything.
   You	can	focus	your	efforts	and	your	message,	which	sometimes	can	influence
your	 position.	 But	 your	 position	 is	 a	 place,	 and	 someone	 else	 puts	 you	 there:
your	prospects.
   Even	 services	 that	 do	 nothing	 to	 market	 their	 company	 have	 a	 position.	 A
prospect	 simply	 takes	 what	 he	 knows	 about	 the	 company	 and	 positions	 the
company	accordingly.
   Take	 the	position	of	my	native	state	of	 Oregon,	the	last	stop	on	 the	train	to
heaven.	 For	 years,	 the	 state	 has	 tried	 to	 attract	 more	 tourists.	 Among	 the
obstacles	the	state	confronts—including	the	fact	that	many	people	know	nothing
about	 Oregon—is	 the	 state’s	 position	 in	 the	 minds	 of	 many	 other	 people:	 that
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