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dolar AS. Pada awal pembukaan saja, nilai tukar Rupiah   Entering March, the Rupiah exchange rate began to be
            sudah menyentuh angka Rp14.150 per USD. Pelemahan   depressed by US dollar. At the beginning of the opening,
            nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap dolar Amerika Serikat terus   Rupiah exchange rate was Rp14,150 per USD. The
            berlanjut pada pertengahan Maret. Lalu memasuki akhir   depreciation of Rupiah against US dollar continued
            bulan, nilai tukar rupiah terus merosot dan ditutup pada   in mid-March, entering the end of the month, rupiah
            angka Rp14.238 per USD.                         exchange rate continued to depreciated and closed at
                                                            Rp14,238 per USD.

            Berbeda pada bulan Maret nilai tukar Rupiah pada   In contrast to March Rupiah exchange rate fluctuated
            bulan April justru mengalami fluktuasi. Sempat dibuka   better in April, at the beginning of the month it was
            pada awal bulan berada diangka Rp14.130 per USD   Rp14,130 per USD then closed at the end of the month
            kemudian ditutup di akhir tahun di angka Rp14.256 per   at Rp14,256 per USD. Meanwhile, Rupiah exchange
            USD. Sedangkan nilai tukar Rupiah di Mei mulai mencoba   rate in May began to strengthen. In its opening, rupiah
            bangkit dari keterpurukan. Sempat dibuka Rp14.251 per   exchange rate was Rp14,251 per USD at the beginning
            USD di awal bulan, Rupiah mulai mendekati Rp14.000   of the month, and starting to close to Rp14,000 at the
            di akhir bulan.                                 end of the month.
            Nilai tukar Rupiah pada bulan Juni justru kembali   Rupiah exchange rate in June was again depreciated by
            tertekan oleh dolar AS. Pada awal bulan, nilai tukar   US dollar. At the beginning of the month, Rupiah exchange
            Rupiah berada level Rp14.255 per USD dan mengakhiri   rate was Rp14,255 per USD while at the end of the month
            bulan di level Rp14.143 per USD. Pada bulan Juli nilai   was Rp14,143 per USD. In July the Rupiah exchange rate
            tukar Rupiah mengalami penguatan tipis. Pada awal   strengthened slightly. At the beginning of the month, the
            bulan, Rupiah berada di level Rp14.120 per USD dan   Rupiah was at the level of Rp14,120 per USD and at the
            diakhir bulan berada di level Rp14.024 per USD.  end of the month it was at the level of Rp14,024 per USD.

            Bulan Agustus nilai tukar Rupiah mengalami pelemahan   In August the Rupiah exchange rate weakened slightly.
            tipis. Pada awal bulan, Rupiah berada di level Rp14.202   At the beginning of the month, the Rupiah was at the
            per USD dan diakhir bulan berada di level Rp14.197 per   level of Rp14,202 per USD and at the end of the month
            USD. Sedangkan pada September, nilai tukar Rupiah   it was at the level of Rp14,197 per USD. Meanwhile, in
            bergerak stabil hanya saja belum menujukan tanda-tanda   September, the Rupiah exchange rate moved stable,
            penguatan. Pada awal bulan, nilai tukar rupiah berada   but it has not shown any signs of strengthening. At the
            di level Rp14.221 per USD dan pada akhir bulannya   beginning of the month, the rupiah exchange rate was
            berada diangka Rp14.175 per USD.                at Rp14,221 per USD and at the end of the month it was
                                                            at Rp14,175 per USD.

            Pada bulan Oktober sebenarnya nilai tukar Rupiah   In October, the Rupiah exchange rate tended to strengthen.
            cenderung mengalami penguatan. Pada awal bulan,   At the beginning of the month, the rupiah exchange rate
            nilai tukar rupiah berada di angka Rp14.152 per USD dan   was at Rp14,152 per USD and at the end of the month
            diakhir bulannya berada di Rp14.042 per USD.Namun   wasRp14,042 per USD. However, this month, the rupiah
            pada bulan ini, nilai tukar rupiah sempat mengalami   exchange rate weakened. In November, rupiah exchange
            pelemahan. Nilai tukar Rupiah pada bulan November   rate began to strengthen against USD. At the beginning
            mulai mencoba terus menekan Dolar Amerika Serikat.   of the month, Rupiah exchange rate was Rp.14,022
            Pada awal bulan, Rupiah bergerak diangka Rp14.022   per USD and at the end of Rupiah exchange rate was
            per USD dan diakhir Rupiah di Rp14.095 per USD.  Rp.14,095 per USD.

            Menjelang pergantian tahun, nilai tukar Rupiah mulai   Towards the end of the year, Rupiah exchange rate began
            mencoba meninggalkan bayang-bayang angka Rp14.000   to strengthen more. At the beginning of December, Rupiah
            per USD. Pada awal bulan, nilai tukar Rupiah bergerak   exchange rate was Rp.14,068 per USD while at the end
            diangka Rp14.068 per USD dan pada akhir bulan   of the month closed at Rp.13,865 per USD. This is a
            ditutup dengan Rp13.865 per USD. Ini merupakan rekor   record for the whole year. During 2019, the highest value
            sepanjang tahun. Selama tahun 2019 nilai tertinggi   of Rupiah was Rp13,972 per USD
            Rupiah berada diangka Rp13.972 per USD

            Fluktuasi Harga Minyak Indonesia                Indonesia Oil Price Fluctuation
            Menutup tahun 2019, Kementrian ESDM mencatat harga   Closing 2019, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
            minyak mentah Indonesia (Indonesian Crude Price/ICP)   recorded that Indonesian Crude Price (ICP) in December
            pada Desember 2019 mencapai US$67,18 per barel   2019 amounted to US $ 67.18 per barrel, increased by
            atau naik 6,2 persen dari November 2019, US$63,26   6.2% from November 2019, USD 63.26 per barrel. This
            per barel. Angka ini menjadikan angka realisasi ICP   figure makes ICP realization figure on average in 2019
            rata-rata pada tahun 2019 sebesar US$62,37 per barel,”  was USD 62.37 per barrel,

            Fluktuasi harga minyak dunia pada tahun 2019    The fluctuation in world oil prices in 2019 was caused
            disebabkan oleh faktor kekhawatiran pasar atas   by market concerns over the global economic slowdown
            perlambatan perekonomian dunia dan perang dagang   and trade wars of the United States (US) and China,
            Amerika Serikat (AS) dan Tiongkok, faktor geopolitik,   geopolitical factors, such as the issue of increasing
            seperti  isu peningkatan pengayaan uranium Iran yang   Iranian uranium enrichment which was deemed to have
            dianggap melanggar perjanjian Nuklir di tahun 2015,   violated the Nuclear Agreement in 2015, the arrest of an
            penangkapan kapal tanker Iran di selat Gibraltar oleh   Iranian tanker in Gibraltar Strait by the UK and 2 British oil



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