Page 401 - General Knowledge

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 2019

Characteristics
 Typical eukaryotic cell organization.
 Often bear cilia or flagella for locomotion.
 Most of them are photosynthetic autotrophs.

 Forms the chief producers of food in ocean and in fresh water.
 Unicellular plants are collectively known as phytoplanktons and animals known as
zooplanktons.
 Phytoplanktons – photosynthetically active and have cell wall.
 Zooplanktons – Mostly predatory. Lack cell wall. E.g Amoeba.
 Some protists are parasitic.
 Some are symbionts and others are decomposers.
 Euglena, a protozoan has two modes of nutrition.
 Mixotrophic – In the presence of sunlight these organisms are autotrophic and in absence of
sunlight are heterotrophic. This mode is known as Mixotrophic nutrition.
Kingdom Fungi
 Kingdom of multicellular decomposers.
 Includes moulds, mushrooms, puffballs and bracket fungi.
Characteristics
 Either unicellular or multicellular organisms.
 Mode of nutrition is parasitic or saprophytic.
 They lack chlorophyll.
 Hyphae – Body consists of numerous filamentous structures.

 Cell wall is made up of chitin.
 Embryo is not formed, result of sexual reproduction.
Kingdom Plantae
 Kingdom of multicellular producers.
 Includes all multicellular plants on land and water.
 Algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms belong to this kingdom.
Characteristics
 Mode of nutrition is autotrophic.
 Plant body is simple and thalloid, differentiated into root, stem and leaves.
 Cells have a rigid cell wall made up of cellulose.
 Except algae, reproduction results in the formation of embryo.
 Nepenthes, Drosera are insectivorous plants.
Kingdom Animalia
 Kingdom of multicellular consumers.

 Includes all multicellular eukaryotic organisms.
 Also referred to as Metazoans.
Characteristics
 All animals show heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
 Form the consumers of an ecosystem.
 Great variations in form, structure and reproduction.
 Cell wall is absent.
 Reproduction is mainly by sexual mode.

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