Page 407 - General Knowledge

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 2019

 Faeces - Remaining semi solid waste.
 Passed into rectum.
 Expelled out through anus.

Digestive Glands

Liver
 Largest internal organ of the body.
 Secretes bile juice which is stored in gall bladder.
 Regulates quantity of glucose, converting extra glucose into glycogen.
 Destroys dead RBC.

 Converts excess amino acid into ammonia.
 Through kidney, urea comes out from the body.
 Any obstruction in bile duct, liver cells stop taking bilirubin from the blood, spreads
throughout the body causing jaundice.
Pancreas
 Second largest gland of human body.
 Most common is Beta cells.
 Secretes insulin and abnormalities lead to diabetes mellitus.
 Excess of insulin causes hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar).
Intestinal glands
 Secretes intestinal juice.
 Alkaline in nature.
 Crypts of Lieberkuhn and Bruner‘s glands are intestinal glands.
Respiratory system
 It is a catabolic process.
 Respired oxygen is used in the oxidation of food.
 Human respiratory system begins from nose.
 Air then goes into nasal passage.

 Pharynx – Part of throat between the mouth and windpipe.
 Cartilage - Trachea supported by rings of soft bones.
 Trachea runs down the neck and divides into smaller cubes.
 Bronchi connected to two lungs.
 Diaphragm – Lungs lie in thoracic cavity separated from abdominal cavity by muscular
partition.
 Bronchioles – Bronchus divides in the lungs to form large number of smaller tubes.
 Pouch-like air sacs at the ends of smaller bronchioles, called as alveoli.
 Walls of alveoli are thin.
 Surrounded by thin capillaries.
 Two types of respiration: Aerobic and Anaerobic.
Aerobic Respiration

 Involves inspiration and expiration of air.
 Inspiration – process of intake of air.
 Muscles of the diaphragm contract and the diaphragm flattens.
 Lower ribs are raised up and outwards.

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