Page 410 - General Knowledge

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 2019

 Hypotension – Person has low BP.
 Electrocardiograph (ECG) – To check proper working of heart.
Skeletal System
 Consists of both fused and individual bones supported by ligaments, tendons, muscles and
cartilage.
 Two parts : Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton
Axial Skeleton

 Includes skull, vertebral column and bones of chest.
 Vertebral column – responsible for upright position of the human body.
 Body weight is located at back of vertebral column.
 Provides flexibility to neck and protection to spinal cord.
Appendicular skeleton
 Contains 126 bones.
 Main function is locomotion.
 Protects major systems – digestion, excretion and reproduction.
Joints
 Structural arrangement of tissues joined together.
Muscular System
 Human body normally contains 640 muscles.
 Three types: Striated, Unstriated and Cardiac.
 Striated Muscles: Also known as voluntary muscles. Present in limbs, tongue, pharynx etc.
 Unstriated Muscles – Known as involuntary muscles. Present in urinary bladder in walls of
alimentary canal.
 Cardiac muscles – Involuntary, striated and non-fatigued fibres. Generates own wave of
excitation.
Excretory System
 Excretion - Process of removal of nitrogenous wastes from the body.

 Includes – Kidneys (two), ureters (two), urinary bladder (one) and urethra (one).
Kidney
 Bean shaped, chocolate brown organ lying in abdomen.
 Left kidney is placed a little higher than right kidney.
 Controls osmotic pressure.
 Nephrons – Functional and structural unit of kidney.
 Made up of Bowman‘s capsule and real tubule.
Ureters
 Brings the urine downward from kidneys and opens into urinary bladder.
Urinary Bladder
 Temporarily stores urine. Holds about 0.5-1.0L of urine.
Urethra
 Muscular and tubular structure extends from neck of bladder to outside.
 In female, it is small and serves as passage for urine only.
 In male, it is long and serves as passage for urine and spermatids.
Urine

 Pale yellow coloured fluid due to the presence of pigment urochrome.

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