Page 413 - General Knowledge

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 2019

 Produced by Leydig cells of testes.
 Stimulates growth, maturation and maintenance of male gonads.

DISEASES
 Condition of the body in which normal functions are disturbed is called as disease.
 Two types – Congenital and Acquired.
Congenital Disease

 They are anatomical or physiological abnormalities present from birth.
 They may be caused by any of the following reasons:
 A single gene mutation.
 Chromosomal aberrations.
 Environmental factors.
Acquired Diseases
 These are developed after birth.

 Two types – Communicable and Non – communicable.
 Communicable diseases are caused by pathogenic micro-organisms.
 Also known as transmissible diseases.
 Non-communicable diseases are not transmitted by organisms among people.
Viral diseases
Bird Flu (H5N1)
 It is a disease caused by influenza virus – mainly affects birds.
 Sometimes humans are at risk of developing bird flu by consumption of infected meat.
 Symptoms – Fever, Cough, Muscle aches.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
 Severe form of pneumonia.
 First identified in 2003.
 Infection by SARS is an acute disease.
 Symptoms – Cough usually starts 2-3 days after other symptoms like fever, head ache and
muscle aches.
Hepatitis
 It is the swelling and inflammation of liver.
 It is caused by, immune cells in the body attacking the liver and causing hepatitis.
 Liver damage due to consumption of alcohol.
 It may even be caused by an overdose of medications such as acetaminophen.

 Symptoms – Abdominal pain or distension. Breast development in males. Dark urine and
pale coloured stools.
AIDS

 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
 Disease of human immune system caused by HIV.
 First recognized by Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in 1981.
 HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus) spreads by the following :
 Via sexual contact.
 Through blood transfusions, accidental needle sticks or needle sharing.
 From mother to child. A pregnant woman transmits virus to her foetus.

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