Page 300 - Applied Pharmacognosy

Types of Chemical markers

Bacterial endotoxins

 Pyrogen: An agent that causes fever.
 Endogenous pyrogen: The mediator of fever,

produced by polymorphonuclear leucocytes,
monocytes and macrophages.
 Exogenous pyrogen: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or
lipooligosaccharides (LOS), found in the outer
membrane of various Gramnegative bacteria. The
term LPS is often used interchangeably with
endotoxin.