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Hops

Definition
It consists of the dried strobiles or inflorescences of the female plants of Humulus lupulus
L. (Cannabaceae).
Major chemical constituents
The major constituents are bitter substances (15–25%) in the resins.
The essential oil (0.3–1.0%) contains mainly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Other
constituents include the chalcone xanthohumol, prenylflavonoids and other flavonoids (e.g.
kaempferol, rutin) and tannins.

Medicinal uses

Adverse reactions
It may cause drowsiness.
Drug interactions
Although no specific drug interactions have been documented, the flavonoid components
have demonstrated inhibitory effects on cytochrome P450 enzymes. Therefore,
simultaneous use with prescription medications that are metabolized through this enzymatic
pathway may alter their pharmacokinetic profiles and potentially affect their efficacy or
safety.

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