Page 146 - Pharmaceutics IV (02-06-01305)

VACCINES AND SERA

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Both may be used for the prevention of infectious disease
and,in addition ,sera may be used in the treatment of
several established conditions.

In serum…….modified ϒ – globulin

In 1798 first accepted smallpox prophylaxis vaccine
(Jenner)

Latin for cowpox .vaccinia

1898 Louis Pasteur,developed strains of chicken
cholera,anthrax,and rabies microbes attenuated…..

Immunity.

1884,Salmo et.al.,used injection of killed microbes.

Killed Typhoid bacilli….as a typhoid vaccine.

Poliomyelitis,measles,rubella,and mumps are made from
living attenuated viruses .

1890 Isolation of Toxins from Typhoid and Tetanus bacilli.

Large volumes of antitoxins (Horses) for treatment of both
diseases.

Toxin – antitoxin types vaccines are potentially
dangerous,it is converted to Toxoid by formaldehyde
.LatterThe immunizing power of toxoid was

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