Page 150 - Pharmaceutics IV (02-06-01305)

2-higher response until a maximum is reached, either by
giving an additional dose of vaccine or by increasing
the concentration of antigen in the vaccine.

3- Adjuvants

Alum added to dephtheria toxoid better antitoxin response
was produced ,aluminium hydroxide & phosphate used on
a large scale to give enhanced responses to both toxoids
and bacterial vaccines.

Efficient adjuvants appear to be irritant ,allowing slow
release of the antigen into the body -----prolong,continuous

Antigenic stimulus.Inactivated influenza virus in o/w
emulsion----greater and longer lasting antibody response .

Inability of young infants to an antigenic stimulus overcome
by adjuvants.Infants under 2 weeks of age ,older children
responded to a single dose of adsorbed tetanus toxoid.

3-Live or dead Antigens

Choice of vaccination : When sufficient antigen can be
produced and contained in a single ,painless, reaction free

Potent injection.

Smallpox vaccine made from an attenuated strain grown in
the skin of animals.

Yellow fever vaccine is a living attenuated strain grown in

fertile eggs.

Tuberculosis immunity is given by a particular living bovine

Strain of tuberculosis bacilli.

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