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30/10/2025, 00:02 Pharmaceutical Solutions & Sterile Dosage Forms
Solutions incompatibilities
A. Degradation of the drug due to interaction with another drug or
excipient.
Example: Sodium metabisulphite is commonly added to epinephrine (adrenaline) injection as an
anti-oxidant.
However, it reacts with the drug to form epinephrine sulphonate, and this is a significant
degradation for epinephrine.
B. Degradation of the excipient due to interaction with another
drug or excipient.
Example: Interaction of p-hydroxybenzoate preservatives (parabens) with sorbitol forming trans-
esterification product.
To ensure stability of pharmaceutical solutions during their shelf-
life:
They should be formulated at the pH favoring drug stability.
Stabilizers (e.g. anti-oxidants, reducing agents, preservatives) are added to the formulation.
Proper packaging is used.
Storage should be under conditions favoring product stability.
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