Page 34 - Dosage 1-part2 -ebook_Neat

30/10/2025, 00:02 Pharmaceutical Solutions & Sterile Dosage Forms

Retention enemas are used after defecation and the patient should lie on one side during
administration and remains there for 30 min why?

Enemas also are classified based on the administered volume to micro and macro-enemas.

Micro-enemas have a volume of 1 to 20 ml, while macro-enemas have volumes of 50 ml or
more.
Macro-enemas should be warmed to body temperature before administration.

External (Topical) solutions 31/77

Tinctures

They are liquid extracts which are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions (alcohol content : 15-80
% v/v) of non-volatile drug of vegetable and chemical origin.
They must be tightly stoppered, not exposed to excessive temperatures and stored in dark
containers.
Most tinctures made by dissolution of the drug, but some require chemical reaction as
complexation in tincture iodine.

Liniments

Definition: liniments or embrocations are solutions (or emulsions or suspensions) of the
drug intended to be rubbed on the skin.

Concerning solutions, they can be alcoholic or oleaginous depending on the desired effect.
For rubefacient, counterirritant action, more penetrating action… use alcoholic or
hydroalcoholic liniments.
For message … an oleaginous liniment is the best as they are less irritating to the skin.

Oils used may be fixed (almond, sesame, cottonseed) or volatile (winter green oil) or
combination.

Liniments are not applied to the skin that is broken or bruised.

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