Page 5 - PROPOSAL LATIP Zanamivir_Neat 2

This study will contribute to increase Zanamivir bioavailability using
nanotechnology drug delivery system.

1.5 Scope and limitation of the study

The scope of this study is to formulate a better formulation for increasing
Zanamivir adsorption through oral and intranasal administration by using

nanotechnology. This study aims in increasing Zanamivir absorption capability and

develop a better Zanamivir drug delivery system through oral and intranasal. The use of
nano particle in drug delivery studies are increasingly becoming popular as it is a new

and improve technique for drug delivery system and formulation. The problem with using
nanotechnology in human medicine is that the nanoparticles could potentially be toxic as

they can translocate within and then damage living organisms as it is ridiculously small,
which allows them to penetrate physiological barriers and travel within the circulatory

systems of a host (Buzea et al., 2007).

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

Zanamivir which is a strong and highly selective antiviral is also safe to use and

has low acute toxicity and no significant systemic toxicity or respiratory tract irritancy

(Freund et al., 1999). Zanamivir are much more potent than amantadine and ribavirin in
animal studies to such a degree of 100 to 1000 times against influenza A and B (Cheer &

Wagstaff, 2002). It works by making the influenza virus unable to escape the host cell

and thus from infecting others by binding to the active site of the neuraminidase protein
(Zanamivir: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action | DrugBank Online, 2020).

Zanamivir has very low bioavailability of only 2% for absolute oral and 10 to 20% for
oral and intranasal with maximum serum concentrations generally reached within 1 to 2

hours (Cass et al., 1999). Zanamivir which administered through intranasal in ferrets and
mouse shows inhibition of viral replication with doses as low as 0.05mg/kg (Cheer &

Wagstaff, 2002).

The use of nanotechnology in formulating drug and its delivery system is a new
alternative which bring many benefits and new hope which it can enhanced therapeutic

effect and bioavailability of the drug (Al Jbour, 2022). The use of nanoparticle