Page 355 - Fundamentals of Management Myths Debunked (2017)_Flat
P. 355
4
early Theories of
Motivation (1950s & 1960s)
11-2 Compare and contrast early theories of motivation.
Know these early theories because they: ❶ Represent the foundation from
which contemporary theories grew, and ❷ Still are used by practicing managers to
explain employee motivation.
1 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory
(probably best-known motivation theory) 6
• Abraham Maslow—a psychologist—proposed that within every person is
a hierarchy of five needs:
Growth, achieving potential, self-
fulfillment; “be all you can be” Self-
actualization
Internal (self-respect, autonomy, achievement) and
Esteem external (status, recognition, attention)
Affection, belongingness,
acceptance, friendship Social
Security and protection from harm; assurance
Safety that physical needs will continue to be met
Food, drink, shelter, sex, sleep,
other physical requirements Physiological
Exhibit 11–1 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Source: Maslow, Abraham H.; Frager, Robert D; Fadiman, James, Motivation and Personality, 3rd ed., ©1987. Reprinted
and electronically reproduced by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., New York, NY.
• Each level must be substantially satisfied before the next need becomes dominant; an
individual moves up the hierarchy from one level to the next.
• Lower-order needs are satisfied predominantly externally, and higher-order needs are
satisfied internally.
HOW is Maslow’s hierarchy used to
motivate employees?
• Managers will do things to satisfy employees’ needs.
• Remember: Once a need is substantially satisfied, hierarchy of needs theory
Maslow’s theory that there is a hierarchy of five human needs:
it no longer motivates. physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization
354