Page 16 - مشروع تخرج 1

3
Table 1-1 Jordan water demands per annum (Mm )

Jordan faces a serious water crisis because the percentage of freshwater is low. We
resort to desalination of seawater to reduce this risk because seawater is the largest
source of water.

1.1.2 Seawater treatment technologies :

Where the seawater desalination technology is applied to providing fresh water for
drinking, industrial, agricultural, and other sectors. Seawater desalination is not
modern technology, but it is one of the oldest techniques used to make water
drinkable. As the population increases and the agricultural and industrial activities
increase, the demand for fresh water increases. Figure(1-3 a) shows the relationship
between the increase in demand for freshwater over time in the world and the Gulf
Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.[2]

There are two main technologies used in seawater desalination :

A- Thermal desalination(distillation). It is the oldest way, but the most productive.

The principle of thermal desalination is to apply heat to seawater to evaporate it,
after that it is condensed and collected in tanks.

There are three popular systems to desalinate water by thermal desalination :

 Multi-stage flash (MSF ).

 Multi-effect desalination ( MED).

 Vaper compression (VC).

-3-