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and moves it using a bubble column operated at temperatures lower than the boiling
point. The inhibition of bubble adhesion in salt solutions. the bubble column was
made with a high-volume fraction of small air bubbles, by this technique will be able
to produce uniform and efficient water vapor in the bubbles, then we condensed the
water vapor to produce pure water.

1.2.4 Intelligent sensor

QualSens, a startup at the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST),
The Aims in Intelligent sensor to develop innovative solutions to monitor and control
processes in desalination plant systems. QualSense is working on designing an
intelligent sensor and monitoring device to control the processes in desalination
systems, based on several technologies, the most important of which is fluorescence
enzyme sensing to detect bacterial activity. This device mainly aims to detect
bacterial contamination inside the pipelines at an early stage of the membrane
desalination process, which helps plant operators to identify problems and take the
necessary preventive measures.

1.2.5 hybrid desalination using Concentrating solar power (CSP) in the

thermal desalination plant

Scientists try to run Desalination by solar energy in specifically by the concentrating
solar plant (CSP) equipped with thermal storage which becomes more attractive
especially for the region which had a shortage in water. Suitable thermal storage
coupled with a backup system based on a gas turbine allows to effectively solve one
of the most important issues of solar system related to the energy aspect. The
arrangement allows running under continuous operation which will increase the
plant reliability and be a valid plan in reducing production cost. A combination of
two systems (MED and RO) in the same facility offers many benefits. hybridization
permits a reduction of intake capacity and outfall capacity so increase the
performance. A proper combination of the two systems, allowed to increase RO feed
temperature and increase permeate flow rate without any reduction in quality. more
benefits come from the flexibility of the RO system that allows for good matching
of daily and seasonal variation in power and water.

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