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As we mention before in chapter1, the world’s oceans contain over 97.2 % of the
planet’s water, but we cannot use it as a freshwater resource, the reason for that is
the salinity of the ocean’s water is very high to use it. To use oceans water and
seawater as freshwater resources we need to desalinate water to get water with low
salinity percent.
The desalination process of salinity water is defined as a process of separating
dissolved salt and minerals from saline water to produce freshwater with low
salinity.
2.1 Fresh Water Properties
The salt and mineral content of water is measured by the water quality parameter
called Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), the concentration expressed in milligrams per
liter (mg / L) or the most popular expression parts per million (ppm). The World
Health Organization (WHO) established the following standard to defend freshwater
properties [6] :
Table 2.1 freshwater standards.
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