Page 338 - Tzurba M'Rabanan Volume1

336 · Hilchot Leil Haseder II Tzurba M’Rabanan

However on the Seder night, there is an obligation to recite birkat hamazon over a cup of wine. Moreover,
the common practice, as recorded in the Shulchan Aruch below, is that each individual recites the birkat
hamazon over his own cup of wine and drinks it, as this is the third of the four cups. The basis for this practice
seems to be the following comment of Tosafot:

r Tosafot, Masechet Pesachim 105b :הק םיחספ תכסמ | תופסות . 44
…Since birkat hamazon requires a cup [of wine only] with ונקית 'גב סוכ הנועט ןוזמה תכרבד םושמ…
three [people making a zimun], they instituted using a cup on .ןוזמה תכרבל סוכ דיחיב וליפא חספב
9
Pesach for birkat hamazon even for an individual.
a Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 479:1 א:טעת ח״וא | ע״וש . 45

After that, they pour him the third cup. He recites birkat וילע ךרבמו ,ישילש סוכ ול ןיגזומ ךכ רחא
hamazon and borei pri hagafen (the blessing on the wine) .ןפגה ירפ ארובו ןוזמה תכרב
upon it.

The Mishna Berura explains the reason for this practice is that it is appropriate to use each of the four cups
for a different mitzva.

a Mishna Berura 479:2 ב:טעת | הרורב הנשמ . 46
Even if one recites [birkat hamazon] by oneself, and even אמלעב ד”מל וליפאו ידיחיב ךרבמ םא וליפא
according to the opinion that birkat hamazon does not require ונקתש ליאוה מ”מ סוכ הנועט הניא ז”מהבד
[the use of] a cup, nevertheless since the Sages instituted שי וז הלילב תוסוכ העברא תותשל םימכח
to drink four cups of wine on this night, it is appropriate to סוכ ןיכמוס יכהל סוכו סוכ לכב הוצמ תושעל
perform a mitzva with each cup. Therefore, we connect the .ז”מהבל ישילש
third cup with birkat hamazon.

One who Forgot to Recite Ya’aleh Veyavo

One who forgot to recite Ya’aleh Veyavo (the addition recited on Rosh Chodesh and festivals) in birkat
hamazon must recite birkat hamazon again from the beginning. This is the halacha according to all opinions,
as whenever there is an obligation to eat bread, one must repeat birkat hamazon if Ya’aleh Veyavo was
forgotten, and there is clearly an obligation to eat a kezayit of matza on the Seder night. In addition, Rabbi
Akiva Eiger writes that this is true even with regard to women, despite the fact that on other days of Yom
Tov she may not be required to repeat it.

9. Although as noted above, the common practice today does not always follow this opinion that one must use a cup of wine when reciting birkat
hamazon with a zimun, Tosafot can still be used as a basis for the notion that an additional obligation was added that each individual drink the cup
on Pesach night. [Addition of the editors of the English edition]

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