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     Concerns for PE Funds:
                                 Action 4 – Interest Deductibility
                              ▪      Action 4 seeks to limit base erosion caused by excessive interest deductions
                                     and expenses incurred in the production of exempt or deferred income, by
                                     limiting interest deductions.
                              ▪      OECD recommends the introduction of a fixed ratio rule which limits an entity’s
                                     net deductions for interest and payments economically equivalent to interest to
                                     a percentage of its EBITDA – the recommended ratio is 10% and 30%.
                              ▪      Implementation of Action 4 has commenced in some jurisdictions
                                     •       UK – 30%
                                     •       Nigeria – 30% of EBITDA (SCH.7 FA 2020)
                              ▪      Interest deductibility rules will impact how PE Funds finance acquisitions of
                                     portfolio companies with debt  - debt pushdowns into target is no longer viable
                                     tax planning
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