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     Concerns for PE Funds:
                                 Action 6 – Treaty Shopping
                              ▪      DTAs play an important role in PE fund structures as they preserve tax
                                     neutrality for investors who are typically entitled to treaty benefits
                              ▪      Action 6 introduces anti treaty abuse rules to prevent treaty shopping. The two
                                     primary rules which apply more to CIVs are:
                                     •       LOB (limitation of benefits)
                                     •       PPT (principal purpose test)
                              ▪      OECD members including the IF have adopted the recommendations in Action
                                     6 through the MLI
                              ▪      Treaty benefit rules for non CIVs which include PE Funds is W-I-P
                              ▪      Substance and Transparency are the major considerations for the OECD in
                                     developing anti treaty abuse rules for non CIVs
                              ▪      In Dec. 2019 the FIRS issued an information circular on the claim of tax treaty
                                     benefits in Nigeria
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