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‫ﻣﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻮﺭﺍﻹﺳﻻﻣﻴﺔﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﻄﻘﻧﺔ ﺍﻮﺤﺘﻟﻝ ﻻﺳﻢ ﻭﻟﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺰﺠﺑﺮﻳﺓ ﺃﻭﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ‬

‫ﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍﻦﻳ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻢﻴﻠﻗ ﺇﻰﻟ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺃﺓﻭﺍﻝ»‪ ١١١‬ﺰﺟﺮﻳﺓ ﺃﻭﺍﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻦً ﺑ ًﺮ ﺎﻓﺭﺱ ﺭﻯ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺎﻣ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﺘﻛﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺮﻌﻟﺐﻴﺑ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﺑﺠﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻲﻫ ﺳﻔﺔ‬

‫ﺫﻫﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺮﻃﻭﻪﺘﺣ ﻟﻠﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﺓ ﺍﺪﻘﻤﻟﺔﻣ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺎﻴﻣﻝ ﻃﻮﻻً‪ ،‬ﻭﺌﺑﺔ ﺃﻣﻴﺎﻝ ﻏﺮﺿﺎ ً‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ‬

‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﻣﺎﻛﺠﻞ ‪.‬ﻮﻤﺑﺮﺘﻧﺎﻳﻝ (ﺳﻨ)ﻡﺔ‪ ١٩٩٢‬ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﺧﻤﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﻣﻴ ًﻻ‪،‬‬

‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻪﻧ ﻣﻦ »ﺍﻟﻮﻤﻛﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻢﺳ »ﺮﺤﺒﻟﺍﻦﻳ« ﻟﻢ ﺃﻀﻳﺎً ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻭﺍﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻓﺎﺭﻙ‬

‫ﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳﻡ ﻛﻐﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﺰﺠﻟﺮﻳﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﻴﻣﻻ ً‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺟﺰﺮﻳﺓ ﻓﺎﺭﻙ ﺛﻻﺛﺔ ﺃﻣﻴﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻻﺛﺔ ﺃﻣﻴﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ‪ ٧‬ﻩ‪1/‬ﻡ ﺑﻤﺪﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ!«‬

‫ﻭﺎﻬﺑ ﺯﺭﺩﻉ ﻭﺃﺭﺯ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻭﻛﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﻧﺨﻞ ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺎﺑﺺﻨﻟ(‪)٣١‬‬
‫ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﺸﺎﺏ‬
‫‪(Whatever the precise date may be,‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺼﺧﺔ«ﺩ‪.0‬‬ ‫‪it can be asser ted that the name‬‬
‫‪"Bahrain" came to be used in the‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻳﺒﻴﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻻﺩﺭﻳﺴﻲ ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫‪modern usage long after the 7th/‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﺴﺗﺔ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫)‪...‬ﻠ‪13th centur‬‬

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ؟‬

‫ﻞﻌﻟً ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻖﻠﻃ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻭﺍﻝ ﻲﻫ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻛﻥ ﺮﻟﺍﺣﺔﻟﺎ ﺍﻔﻟﺭﺎﻲﺳ ﺎﻧﺮﺻ ﺧﺴﺮﻭ ﺛﻢ ﻳﻜﻤﻞ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ »ﺮﻘﺳﻧﺎﻣﻪ« (ﻭﺎﻧﺮﺻ ﺧﺴﺮﻭ ﻭﻟﺪ »ﻭﺰﺟﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻭﺍﻝ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺧﻨﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬

‫ﻨﺳﺔ ‪ ٣٩٤‬ﻩ ﻭﺗﻮﻲﻓ ﺣﻮﻲﻟﺍ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪٤٢،‬ﻩ‪ ٥‬ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺎﻣﺮﺓ ﺧﻨﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻧﻤﻴﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ) ﻭﺭﻪﺘﻠﺣ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺼﻴﺒﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ًﺓﺍﻟﺰﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻋﻴﻮ ًﻥ ﺎﻣﺀ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻴﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻋﺬﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻩ‪ ٤٢٦‬ﻭﻨﺳﺔ ‪٣٣٤‬ﻩ(ﻩ‪٣٠١‬‬

‫ﻰﻤﺴﺗ‪ :‬ﻋﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺯﻳﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻡ‪١٠٤٢‬‬

‫ﺛﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻧﺠﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻻﺩﺭﻲﺴﻳ ﻣﺮﻳﻠﻐﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻴﻦ ﻋﺬﺍﺭ ﻭﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺷﻂ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﻮﺭ (ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺟﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻴﺎﺓً ﻧﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﺮﻋﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪(:‬ﻧﺰﻫﺔ ﺩﻗﺎﻋﺔ ﺛﻄﺤﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺯ'ﺣﺎ ًﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ‪٤٦١‬ﻡ) ﻩ‪٥/٦٠‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺎﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ) ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻘﺎﺓ ﻋﻴﻦ ﻋﺬﺍﺭ"" ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺠﺐ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭﻣﺎﻲﻧ ﺭﺟﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻠﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻟﺒﺼﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻴﻦ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻗﺪﺭ ًﺍ‬

‫‪، ٤٩‬ﻩ‪ ٥‬ﺫﻛﺮﻛﻻﻣﺎ ﻫﺎﺃ ﺟﺪ ًﺍ ﺃﻧﻘﻞﻄﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺮ ﺿﺮﺳﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﺒﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻤﻘﻬﺎ ﻳﺸ ًﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻤﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‪:‬‬

‫»ﻭﺪﻣ ًﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻤﺺ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻣﺔ‪،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺯ ًﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻮﻥ ﻭﺣﺬًﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻄﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﺰ ﻗﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻭﻩ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻳ ًﺎ ﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺛﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﻫﻞﺍﻟﺒﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬