Page 78 - DILMUN 24

‫ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﺩﻭﺭﺍً ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺟﺰﺭ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺛﺮﺓ ﻍ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺟﻔﺮﺍ‪ 2‬ﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺣﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻧﺪﻣﺠﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻍ ﻧﺴﻴﺞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫أﻃﻊﺑ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻗﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺯﺕ ﻍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰﺧﻻﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﺼﻮﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﻦﺧﻻﻝ ﺎﺸﻧأﻬﻃ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺎ ﻣﻤﺘﺪﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻻﻟﻪ ﻣﺪ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﻟﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻻﺩ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ ﺭﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺮﻫﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﺎﻟﺔ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ‪ 2‬ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ‬

‫ﺎﻨﻣﻖﻃ ﺣﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤ ﺍﺮﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪.٩3‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺒﻠﻴﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫‪1‬ﺍﻷﺪﻤﺣ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍ ﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺪﻡﺍﻷﺯﻣﻨﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮﺍ ﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪19.58 ،‬‬
‫‪ 2-‬ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﻌﺪﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﺧﻻﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻻﺩ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪1978. ،‬‬
‫‪ 3-‬ﺁﻝ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﺎﺳﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ‪ 2‬ﻋﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ (ﻻﺻﺕ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﺄﻣﻮﺭﻭ‬

‫ﻭﺑﺎﻷﻣﻮﺭﻳﻴﻦ) ‪ 2050 - 1530‬ﻕ‪.‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪.1‬‬
‫‪ 4‬ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺷﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺿﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﺩ‪ » :‬ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﻑﺩﻻﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ » ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 15،‬ﻴﻌﻤﺟﺔ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪1992.1991 ،‬‬
‫‪ 5‬ﺟﻠﻮﺏ(ﻮﻠﻏﺏ)‪ .‬ﺏ ‪ .‬ﻑ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺋﻤﺮﻛﻴﺔ & ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺮﻭﺕ‪2003.،‬‬
‫‪ 6-‬ﺟﻴﻮﻓﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺒﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﻘﻮﺳﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﺮﺹ‪،‬‬

‫ﻩ‪5189 / 1405‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﺏ‪ ،‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺭﺦﻳ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ« ﻣﻦ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻭﺍﻝ«‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،1‬ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪،‬ﻩ‪1.409‬ﻡ‪1989/‬‬

‫‪ 36.‬ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ 19،58 ،‬ﺹ ﺹ‪ 311310 .‬ﻭﺃﻳﻀﺎ ً‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪- ،‬ﻩ‪1409‬‬
‫ﻡ‪ 1989،‬ﻣﺺ‪138.137 ،‬‬